Q:
What is the source of histamine and serotonin?

A:
Mast cells and platelets.

Q:
What is the source of bradykinin?

A:
Plasma substrate.

Q:
What is the source of C3a?

A:
Plasma proteins via liver

Q:
What is the source of C5a?

A:
Macrophages

Q:
What is the source of prostaglandins?

A:
Mast cells
Membrane phospholipids

Q:
What is the source of leukotriene B4?

A:
Leukocytes.

Q:
What is the source of leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4?

A:
Leukocytes
Mast cells

Q:
What is the source of oxygen metabolites?

A:
Leukocytes.

Q:
What is the source of PAF?

A:
Leukocytes
Mast Cells

Q:
What is the source of IL-1 and TNF?

A:
Macrophages and other

Q:
What is the source of IL-8?

A:
Macrophages
Endothelium

Q:
What is the source of nitric oxide?

A:
Macrophages
Endothelium

Q:
What is the effect of histamine and serotonin?

A:
Increased vascular permeability

Q:
What is the effect of bradykinin?

A:
Increased vascular permeability

Q:
What is the effect of C3a?

A:
Increased vascular permeability
Opsonic fragment (C3b)

Q:
What is the effect of C5a?

A:
Increased vascular permeability
Chemotaxis
Leukocyte adhesion and activation

Q:
What is the effect of prostaglandins?

A:
Potentiates other mediators
Vasodilation
Pain
Fever

Q:
What is the effect of leukotriene B4?

A:
Chemotaxis
Leukocyte adhesion and activation

Q:
What is the effect of most leukotrienes (besides leukotriene B4)?

A:
Increased vascular permeability
Vasoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction

Q:
What is the effect of oxygen metabolites?

A:
Increased vascular permeability
Possible chemotaxis
Endothelial/tissue dammage

Q:
What is the effect of PAF?

A:
Increased vascular permeability
Chemotaxis
Bronchoconstriction
Leukocyte priming

Q:
What is the effect of IL-1 and TNF?

A:
Chemotaxis
Acute phase reactions
Endothelial activation

Q:
What is the effect of IL-8?

A:
Chemotaxis
Leukocyte activation

Q:
What is the effect of nitric oxide?

A:
Vasodilation
Cytotoxicity
Endothelium

Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause vasodilation?

A:
Prostaglandins
Nitric oxide

Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause increased vascular permeability?

A:
Vasoactive amines
C3a, C5a (indirectly, by liberating amines)
Bradykinin
Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
PAF

Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause chemotaxis and leukocyte activation?

A:
C5a
Leukotriene B4
Bacterial products
Cytokines (IL-8)


Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause fever?

A:
IL-1
IL-6
TNF
Prostaglandins

Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause pain?

A:
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin

Q:
What inflammatory mediators cause tissue dammage?

A:
Neutrophil and macrophage lysosomal enzymes
Oxygen metabolites
Nitric oxide

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in vasodilation?

A:
* Prostaglandins
* Nitric oxide

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in increased vascular permeability?

A:
* Vasoactive amines
* C3a and C5a (through liberating amines)
* Bradykini
* Leukotrienes c4, D4 and E4
* PAF
* Substance P

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in chemotaxis and leukocyte activation?

A:
* C5a
* Leukotriene B4
* Chemokines
* Bacterial products

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in fever?

A:
* IL-1
* IL-6
* TNF
* Prostaglandins

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in pain?

A:
* Prostanglandins
* Bradykinin

Q:
What are the most likely mediators in tissue damage?

A:
* Neutrophil and macrophage lysosomal enzymes
* Oxygen metabolites
* Nitric oxide