Carl Orff - Biography

From "The Oxford Dictionary of Music" by Michael Kennedy

Orff, Carl (b Munich, 1895; d Munich, 1982). German composer, teacher, and conductor. Studied Munich Academy, leaving to join army 1914. Worked in opera houses and returned to Munich 1920 for study with Kaminsky. In 1924 founded the Gunther School, Munich, where his life-long interest in children's musical education began. About this time he made editions of several operas by Monteverdi, including L'incoronazione di Poppea, comp. cantatas and an Entrata for orch. 'after William Byrd'.

In 1937, when his Carmina Burana was first performed, he disowned all his previous works, though some were later revised and restored. From then he composed exclusively for the stage, though not conventionally (Carmina Burana, for example, is usually given in a concert version). His mature style is dry and staccato, with much use of percussion and the content of the music based on rhythmic patterns and their variations. Harmony is reduced to basic elements. and melody is nearer to rhythmic speech than to the 'expressive' ideal of other composers.