Articles Relating To The History Of

Occidental Constellations and

Star Names to the Classical Period


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King, Leonard. (1913). "A Neo-Babylonian Astronomical Treatise in the British Museum and its Bearing on the Age of Babylonian Astronomy." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, January - December, Volume 35, Pages 41-46). [Note: The broad astronomical content and significance of the Mul.Apin series had been identified by the English assyriologists Archibald Sayce and Robert Bosanquet in a journal article published in 1880. The first part of the Mul.Apin series to be published was BM 86378 in Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum: Part XXXIII (Plates 1-8) by Leonard King (1912). This tablet, which was probably copied circa 500 BCE, was an almost complete copy of tablet 1. This article by the English assyriologist Leonard King drew attention to the importance of this text for identifying the Babylonian constellations. In the next two years numerous articles and books appeared that utilised its star list information in the attempt to identify the Babylonian constellations and the stars that comprised such.]


Scan One (1): Journal page 41.

Scan Two (2): Journal page 42.

Scan Three (3): Plate III.

Scan Four (4): Journal page 43.

Scan Five (5): Journal page 44.

Scan Six (6): Journal page 45.

Scan Seven (7): Journal page 46.


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Martiny, Günter. (1940). "The Orientation of the Gimilsin Temple and the Palace Chapel." (In: Frankfort, Henri, Lloyd, Seton, and Jacobsen, Thorkild.The Gimilsin Temple and the Palace of the Rulers at Tell Asmar. [Note: The prominent German architect (and co-editor of the journal Architectura) Günter Martiny contributed the 6-page Chapter III. This short Chapter is the only English-language exposition of Günter Martiny's views that Babylonian and Assyrian temples were astronomically oriented. During the 1930s Günter Martiny had investigated Mesopotamian temple architecture and in a number of publications (including his doctoral dissertation) offered evidence (effectively criticised since) for an ongoing system of their astronomical alignment. Basically being oriented with reference to the constellations appropriate to their guardian or protector deities. The inclusion of this Chapter by Günter Martiny in a book issued by the prestigious Oriental Institute in Chicago demonstrates that the subject of the possible astronomical orientation of Mesopotamian temples was still current by at least circa 1940.]


Scan One (1): Book page 92.

Scan Two (2): Book page 93.

Scan Three (3): Book page 94.

Scan Four (4): Book page 95.

Scan Five (5): Book page 96.


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