Compiled by Gary D. Thompson
Copyright © 2001-2008 by Gary D. Thompson
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Books/Pamphlets:
Anscombe, Kate. (2005). The Lion-Bull Combat as an Astronomical Symbol in the Context of the Origin of the Constellations. [Note: Unpublished thesis for Master of Arts Degree, University of Otago (Dunedin, New Zealand). Approximately 140 pages; Call Number: 7LXG A. (The thesis was completed in 2005 and the MA awarded in 2006.) Because of the mix of mythology and art and ancient Middle-Eastern and Graeco-Roman period scope, perhaps use was made of The Theme of the Feline-and-Prey in Archaic Greek Art by Sven von Hofsten (doctoral thesis, 1997, Det humanistiske facultelt, Universitetet i Tromso). The author of the thesis supports the views of Willy Hartner on the earliest Mesopotamian constellations (and accepts his point of view as a "given"). Unfortunately she lacks intimate knowledge of the issues, relies exclusively on secondary sources, and has not been aware of recent archaeological work relevant to the interpretation of the lion-bull symplegma. She also presented a paper entitled "The Lion-Bull Combat" on February 1st, 2005, at the Australasian Society for Classical Studies Conference held at the University of Otago.]
Baehr, Ulrich. (1955). Tafeln zur Behandlung chronologischer Probleme. Teil I-III. [Note: A list of star names and constellations appears in Teil III. The publication contains a detailed explanation of the heliacal risings of stars and also algorithms for calculating the heliacal risings of stars. The extensive star list tables for determining the calendar dates for heliacal risings can offer assistance for the identification of such. Example: the Mul.Apin star lists. See the (English-language) book review by Richard Parker in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume XVII, January-October 1958, Pages 95-96; the (German-language) book review by Robert Böker in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, Volume 53, 1959, Pages 319-324; and the (German-language) book review by Willy Hartner in Gnomon, Band 31, Heft 2, 1959, Pages 177-178. The project ceased with publication of Part III.]
Bezold, Carl. (1911). Astronomie, Himmelsschau und Astrallehre bei den Babylonier. [Note: See the (German-language) book review by Ernst Weidner in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 15 Jahrgang, Juli 1912, Number 7, Columns 318-320.]
Bezold, Carl., Kopff, August. and Boll, Franz. (1913). Zenit- und Aequartorialgestirne am babylonischen Fixsternhimmel. [Note: An excellent study summarising research by various scholars into the identification of the constellation and star names on Mul.Apin tablet 1. Carl Bezold (1859-1922) was a German Orientalist. See the biographical entry in "Reallexikon der Assyriologie," edited by Erich Ebeling and Bruno Meissner, Volume 2, 1938, Pages 23-24. Also, see "Friedrich Delitzsch und Carl Bezold," by Heinrich Zimmern (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Neue Folge, Band 2, (Band 77), 1922, Pages 121-136). August Kopff was an astronomer who worked in Heidelberg; then Berlin. In Berlin he was Director of the Institute for Astronomical Calculation of the Friedrich-Wilhelm-University (now the Humboldt-University).]
Brown, David. (2000). Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. (Pages 287-303). [Note: Excellent for the Assyrian Period.]
Brown, David. (2001). "Astronomy - Astrology in Mesopotamia." (Bibliotheca Orientalis [Leiden], Jaargang LVIII [Volume 58], Number 1/2, januari-april, 2001, Pages 41-59.) [Note: Essentially a critique of Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1999). Contains some interesting comments on Babylonian uranography.]
Brown, Junior., Robert. (1883). Eridanus: River and Constellation. A Study of the Archaic Southern Asterisms. [Note: Now thoroughly dated. Full of erroneous speculations.]
Brown, Junior., Robert. (1899-1900). Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans. (2 Volumes). [Note: These volumes are full of errors and should not be used. Brown mistook the early circular "three stars each" texts (commonly called "planispheres" but actually functioning as star calendars) as representing the standard Mesopotamian scheme of constellations. On the basis of three small fragments of these circular "star calendars" (Sm. 162, Sm. 608, and Sm. 94) he attempted to re-establish what he believed was a complete standard Babylonian "planisphere." His speculative and erroneous reconstruction of such was based on his belief that the "planispheres" set out an ecliptic based scheme with the 12 stars in the Path of Ea (outer ring) marking southern constellations, the 12 stars in the Path of Enlil (inner ring) marking northern constellations, and the 12 stars in the Path of Anu (middle ring) marking the 12 zodiacal constellations along the ecliptic. On the basis of his mistaken "planisphere" reconstruction Brown believed the constellations, including a 12-constellation zodiac scheme, in something like their present form, originated in Mesopotamia in the late 3rd millennium BCE. He denied (quite incorrectly) that anyone in Mesopotamia was inventing the 12-constellation zodiac as late as circa 500 BCE. Brown was unaware of the star lists of the Mul.Apin series. Mul.Apin tablet 1 (BM 86378) was not published until 1912 by Leonard King (CT 33, Plates 1-8) and it was perhaps first discussed by Franz Kugler in his Supplement 1 (1913) to his Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. The first section of Mul.Apin tablet 1 lists considerably more stars in the Paths of Enlil, Anu, and Ea than are found in the "planispheres." (He was also misled by the limited listing of stars/constellations in the Paths of Enlil, Anu, and Ea through Tablet 82-5-22 512.) Usually Robert Brown is mistakenly described as an English Orientalist. Actually he was an English Solicitor in Barton-on-Humber. See the (English-language) book reviews by Anon in Nature, Volume LIX, (Number 1537), April 13, 1899, Pages 553-544, and Volume LXXIV, (Number 1921), August 3, 1906, Pages 410-411; Theophilus Pinches in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1900, Pages 371-375, & Pages 571-577; Anon in The Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Volume IX, Number 8, 1898/1899, Pages 386-387, and Volume X, Number 10, 1899/1900, Pages 414-415; William Crooke in Folk-Lore, Volume XLIV, 1899, Pages 339-341; W. W. B. in The Observatory, Number 283, Volume 22, September, 1899, Pages 345-346, and The Observatory, Number 294, July, 1900, Pages 292-293; George Barton in The American Journal of Theology, Volume 5, Number 1, January, 1901, Pages 124-125; and the (French-language) book reviews by Henri Hubert in Revue de L'Histoire des Religions, Volume 41, 1900, Pages 240-242, and Volume 45, 1902, Pages 440-441. See brief biographical entries in A Supplement to Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, by John Kirk (1891, Volume 1, Page 227); and Men and Women of the Time, 15th edition, by Victor Plarr (1899, Page 137). Life dates: 1844-1912.]
Craig, James. (1899; Reprinted 1977). Astrological-Astronomical Texts. Copied from the original tablets in the British Museum. [Note: There is no text. The book contains drawings of sections of the approximate 70 texts comprising the omen series Enuma Anu Enlil. (Tablets 50 and 51 have important constellation/star name lists.) See the (English-language) book review article "Craig's Astrological-Astronomical Texts." by Reginald Thompson in The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Volume 17, Number 2, January, 1901, Pages 107-115. The author was a Canadian assyriologist. He held the position of Professor of Oriental Languages first at University of Michigan, and then at McGill University and University of Toronto. Life dates: 1855-1932.]
Epping, Joseph. and Strassmaier, Johann. (1889). Astronomisches aus Babylon. [Note: The first exposition of Babylonian mathematical astronomy. Also contains identifications of constellations and star names. See the (German-language) book review by Peter Jensen in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebeite, Vierter Band, 1889, Pages 121-133; and the (French-language) book review by Rodolphe Radau in Bulletin Astronomique, Serie I, Volume 6, 1889, Pages 434-436. See the (German-language) obituary for Joseph Epping by Alexander Baumgartner in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebeite, Neunter Band, 1894, (comprises 7 un-numbered pages at end of volume); and the (English-language) obituary by Anon in The Observatory, Volume XLIII, 1920, Pages 98-99. See the (German-language) obituary for Johann Strassmaier by Anton. Deimel in Orientalia, Number 1, 1920, Pages 5-10; and the (English-language) obituary by John Pollen in The Month, Volume CXXXV, February, 1920, Pages 137-145.]
Foxvog, Daniel. (1993). "Astral Dumuzi." In: Cohen, Mark. et al. (Editors). The Tablet and the Scroll: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo. (Pages 103-108).
Galter, Hannes. and Scholz, Bernhard. (Editors). (1993). Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. [Note: A collection of papers presented at a 1991 symposium in honour of the German Assyriologist Ernst Weidner. Several papers deal with Babylonian constellations and star names. See the (German-language) book review by M[?]. Streck in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, Band 85, I Halbband, 1995, Page 166; and the (English-language) book reviews by Andrew George in Archiv für Orientforschung, Band XLII und Band XLIII, 1995/1996, Pages 254-255; and Jens Høyrup in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume 46, 1996, Pages 159-161.]
Geuthner, Paul. (2006). Naissance et diffusion du zodiaque babylonien, présentation synthétique.
Giedion, Sigfried. (1964; Reprinted 1981). The Eternal Present: The Beginnings of Architecture. [Note: Includes a brief discussion of Mesopotamian constellations and astral concepts. See the (English-language) book review by André Leroi-Gourhan in American Anthropologist, Volume 65, 1963, Pages 1180-1181.]
Gössmann, Felix. (1950). Planetarium Babylonicum oder die sumerisch-babylonischen Stern-Namen. [Note: Though the entries are usually brief and can be somewhat cryptic this book remains the most useful compilation of all known Mesopotamian constellations and star names. (Also, all the entries are hand-written with very few slips.) Though compiled from references that can date back to the turn of the 19th-century it is still considered to be the standard reference. Improved modern translations of some constellation and star names (due to various changes in transliteration format since 1950) are, of course, not reflected in the book and some revision is required. For corrections/improvements to constellation and star names, and their identifications, see Babylonian Planetary Omens 2 by Erica Reiner and David Pingree (1981); and Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1999). To date I have not come across any book review for this volume. See obituaries for Felix Gössmann in Augustinianum (Review), Volume 8, 1968, Pages 547-550; and Cor Unum (Review), Volume 26, 1968, Pages 119-120. Life dates: 1907-1968.]
Graßhoff, Gerd. (1999). "Normal Star Observations in Late Babylonian Astronomical Diaries." In: Swerdlow, Noel. (Editor). Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination. (Pages 97-147). [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Robert Biggs in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 63, January, Number 1, Pages 49-50).
Hallo, William. (2008). "MUL.APIN and the names of constellations." In: van der Spek, J[?]. (Editor). Studies in Near Eastern World View and Society. (Pages 235-254). [Note: Festschrift Marten Stol.]
Hartner, Willy. (1985). "Old Iranian Calendars." In: Gershevitch, Ilya. (Editor). The Cambridge History of Iran (Volume 2: The Median and Achaemenian Periods). (Pages 714-792). [Note: Includes an argument for interpreting certain early iconography as constellations used for seasonal markers.]
Heimpel, Wolfgang. (1989). "The Babylonian Background of the Term "Milky Way."" In: Behrens, Hermann. et al. (Editors). DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A: Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg. (Pages 249-252).
Hinke, William. (1907). A New Boundary Stone of Nebuchadrezzar I from Nippur. [Note: Still one of the few detailed discussions of the possibility of astronomical themes being depicted on Kudurru (which are commonly, but mistakenly, referred to a "boundary-stones"). The author discusses 37 kudurru and the book is profusely illustrated. See the (English-language) book review by William Ward in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Band 22, 1910, Pages 408-411; and the detailed (German-language) book review/article by Carolo [Karl] Frank (1875-1950) in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Band 21, 1909, Pages 98-124. A summary of a 1916 paper presented by the the author (to the Archaeological Institute of America) on "The Significance of the Symbols on Babylonian Boundary-Stones" appeared in American Journal of Archaeology, Second Series, Volume XX, Number 1, 1916, Pages 76-77.]
von Hofsten, Sven. (1997). The Theme of the Feline-and-Prey in Archaic Greek Art. [Note: Discusses the astronomical interpretation of the lion-bull combat theme. Doctoral thesis (Det humanistiske facultelt, Universitetet i Tromso) approximately 145 pages. Still awaiting republication by Universitet Stockholm (Stockholm Studies in Classical Archaeology) as of 2006. Life dates: 1947- .]
Hommel, Fritz. (1920). Zu den babylonischen Grenzsteinsymbolen. [Note: A detailed attempt by a Panbabylonist to use the kudurru symbols to draw and date the Babylonian constellations. He perceived in the kudurru symbols an equatorial zodiac dating to the 5th-millennium BCE. This is pure fantasy.]
Hommel, Fritz. (1926). Ethnologie und Geographie des Alten Orients. [Note: Contains numerous short discussions of constellations, star names, and astral myths.]
Horowitz, Wayne. (1993). "The Reverse of The Neo-Assyrian Planisphere CT 33, 11." In: Galter, Hannes. and Scholz, Bernhard. (Editors). Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. (Pages 149-159).
Horowitz, Wayne. (1998). Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. [Note: A significant study based on extensive research - based on the authors doctoral dissertation. A comprehensive study of all extant Mesopotamian texts (including mythological texts and literary texts) relating to the idea of the physical universe and its constituent parts. Includes a detailed discussion of the "three stars each" (incorrectly termed "astrolabes" and now usually termed "planispheres") and the Mul.Apin series. See the (English-language) book reviews by Marilyn Schaub in The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Volume 61, 1999, Pages ?-?; by Philip Jones in The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Volume 91, Numbers 3-4, January-April, 2001, Pages 485-487; and by Frances Reynolds in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 121, Number 1, January-March, 2001, Pages 131-132. The author is an assyriologist.]
Horowitz, Wayne. (2007). "The Astrolabes: Astronomy, Theology, and Chronology." In: Steele, John. (Editor). Calendar and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient Near East. (Pages 101-113). [Note: The author is a leading authority on the Babylonian astrolabes.]
Hunger, Hermann. and Pingree, David. (1989). Mul.Apin: An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. [Note: The standard study of the astronomy of the Mul.Apin series. See the (English-language) book reviews by Alexander Jones in Journal for the History of Science, Volume 22, 1991, Pages 327-329; by Bernard Goldstein in Isis, Volume 81, 1990, Pages 561-562; by Alan Bowen in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 13, Number 1, Spring, 1993, Pages 139-142; and the (German-language) book review by Anon in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 86, 1991, Number 2, Columns 165-168.]
Hunger, Hermann. (Editor). (1992). Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. [Note: The reports make frequent references to constellations. See the (English-language) book reviews by Stefan Zawadzki in Zeitschrift für und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, Band 84, 1 Halbband, 1994, Pages 308-310; and by Robert Biggs in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 55, January-October 1996, Pages 241-242. Hermann Hunger: 1942- .]
Hunger, Hermann. and Pingree, David. (1999). Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. [Note: The best book-length overview (critical summary) of Babylonian astronomy and astrology to date. An essential book to read and it contains discussions of constellations and star names. See the (English-language) book reviews by John Britton in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 32, Part 2, May 2001, Pages 169-170; by Manuel Gerber in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 121, 2001, Pages 317-319; by Salvo de Meis in Annals of Science, Volume 58, Number 3, July, 2001, Pages 323-325; by Salvo de Meis in Annals of Science, Volume 58, Number 3, July 2001, Pages 323-325; by Robert Biggs in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 62, Number 4, 2003, Pages 284-286, and by John Steele in Isis, Volume 94, Number 2, 2003, Pages 358-359; and the (German-language) book reviews by Johannes Koch in Welt des Orients, Volume 31, 2000-2001, Pages 229-235; by Liz Brack-Bernsen in Archiv für Orientforschung, Band XLVIII und Band XLIX, 2001/2002, Pages 244-247; and by J[?]. Oelsner in Orientalische Literaturzeitung, Volume 96, 2001, Columns 503-510. Life dates for David Pingree: 1933-2005. See the (English-language) obituaries by Anon in The Providence Journal, (Obituaries), Wednesday, November 16, 2005; by Kam Sripada in The Brown Daily Herald, (Section: Campus News), Friday, November 18, 2005; by Kim Plofker and Bernard Goldstein in Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science, Volume 2, 2005, Pages 71-72; by Toke Knudsen in Bulletin of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics, Number 38, May , 2006, Pages 5-6; by William Calder III and Stephan Heilen in Gnomon, Band 78, 2006, Pages 750-751; and by Alexander Jones in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Part 2, Number 127, 2006, Pages 229-231. This latter obituary includes a photograph of David Pingree.]
Hunger, Herman. and Hübner, Wolfgang. (2004). "Constellations." In: Cancik, Hubert. and Sneider, Helmuth. (Editors). Brill's New Pauly. (Antiquity Volume 4, Columns 1187-1194). [Note: An excellent and informed entry on both Babylonian and Greek constellations.]
Hunger, Hermann. (2007). "How to make the gods speak: A late Babylonian tablet related to the microzodiac." In: Roth, Martha. et. al. (Editors). Studies Presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2004. (Pages 141-151).
Jastrow, Junior., Morris. (1898). "The Zodiacal System of the Babylonians." In: The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria. (Pages 454-466). [Note: Obviously dated discussion. See the (English-language) biographical entry by Harold Wechsler in American National Biography, General Editors John Garraty and Mark Carnes, Volume II, 1999, Pages 886-887. Life dates: 1861-1921.]
Jastrow, Junior., Morris. (1905-12). Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens. (2 Volumes). [Note: See the (German-language) book review by Marie Pancritius, of both volumes, in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 13, May, 1910, Number 5, Columns 199-204; and Volume 13, June, 1910, Number 6, Columns 252-260. See the (English-language) book review by Claude Johns in The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume VI, 1905, Pages 633-635. Two lengthy chapters in volume 2 (published 1912, in two parts) are based on Franz Kugler's identification of constellations and star names in the early volumes of his monumental "Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel." (1907-1935; 2 Volumes and 3 Supplements in 7 Parts).]
Jensen, Peter. (1890, Reprinted 1891?, and 1974). Die Kosmologie der Babylonier. [Note: Now thoroughly out-of-date. The author demonstrated that the Greek zodiac was borrowed from the Babylonians. See the (German-language) obituary by Walter Baumgartner in Archiv für Orientforschung, Elfter Band, 1936/1937, Pages 281-282; and the (German-language) obituary by Albert Schott in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Volume 44, 1938, Pages 183-190. See the (German-language) book review by Heinrich Zimmern in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Fünfter Band, 1890, Pages 114-120; and the (English-language) book review by C. B. in The Academy, May 31, 1890, Number 943, Page 375. The author was later a Panbabylonist independent of the Panbabylonist school of Hugo Winckler and Alfred Jeremias.]
Kelley, David. and Milone, Gene. (2005). Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Astronomy. [Note: See the section "Iconographic Representations on Cylinder Seals," Pages 213-216. This section is rather speculative and dependent upon the speculative 1988 doctoral dissertation "Iconography of Išhtar" by K[?]. Adamson.]
King, Leonard. (Editor). (1912, Reprinted circa 1980). Babylonian boundary-stones and memorial-tablets in the British Museum. (2 Volumes). [Note: The first volume is text and the second volume is a portfolio of 133 plates. Life dates: 1869-1919.]
Koch, Johannes. (1989). Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. [Note: An important study. The author attempts to identify a number of Mesopotamian constellations mentioned in the Mul.Apin series. In Chapters 1-3 Koch offers a critical re-evaluation of Waerden (1949) and Reiner and Pingree (1981). In chapters 7-16 Koch deals in elaborate detail with the "planisphere" K 8538 from Niniveh. See the (English-language) book reviews by Peter Huber in Centaurus, Volume 34, Issue 2, June, 1991, Pages 172-173; by John North in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume 42, 1992, Page 180; by Kristian Moesgaard in Isis, Volume 83, Number 3, September, 1992, Pages 474-475; and the (German-language?) book review by Walter Farber in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Band 88, Heft 4, September/Oktober, 1993, Columns 385-389.]
Koch, Johannes. (1993). "Das Sternbild mul.mas-tab-ba-tur-tur." In: Galter, Hannes. and Scholz, Bernhard. (1993). Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. (Pages 185-198).
Koch-Westenholz, Ulla. (1995). Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination. [Note: See Appendix C. List of Babylonian Star Names. (Pages 207-208).]
Kugler, Franz. (1907). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. I. Buch. [Note: Though the volume primarily deals with Babylonian planetary theory some discussion of Babylonian constellations is included. See the (German-language) book reviews by Friedrich Ginzel in Vierteljahrsshrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 42 Jahrgang, 1907, Pages 368-375; and by Anon in Revue Biblique Internationale, Nouvelle Série, Sixième Année, Tome VI, 1909, Pages 323-324; and the (French-language) book review by Auguste Bouché-Leclercq in Journal des Savants, Nouvelle Série, Tome 5, 1907, Pages 564-566. (Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel by Franz Kugler (1907-1935), 2 volumes and 3 supplements in 7 parts. Buch 1, 1907; Buch 2, Teil 1, 1909/10; Buch 2, Teil 2, Heft 1, 1912); Ergänzungen Heft 1, 1913, Ergänzungen Heft 2, 1914; Buch 2, Teil 2, Heft 2, 1924; Ergänzungsheft 3, 1935, by Johann Schaumberger.)]
Kugler, Franz. (1909/10). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. II. Buch. I Teil. [Note: The volume includes some discussion of Babylonian constellations. See the (German-language) book reviews by Friedrich Ginzel in Vierteljahrsshrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 46 Jahrgang, 1911, Pages 28-32; and by D[?] Kreichgauer in Anthropos, Band V, 1910, Pages 276-277; and the (French-language) book reviews by François Martin in Journal Asiatique, Dixième Série, Tome XVI, MDCCCCX, Pages 159-161; and by Anon in Revue Biblique Internationale, Nouvelle Série, Huitième Année, Tome VIII, 1911, Pages 313-314.]
Kugler, Franz. (1912). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. II. Buch. II. Teil. I Heft. [Note: The volume includes some discussion of Babylonian constellations.]
Kugler, Franz. (1913). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. Ergänzungen zum ersten und zweiten Buch. I. Teil. [Note: In this volume Franz Kugler focused on the problem of the identification of constellations and star names. He later continued this investigation in Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. Ergänzungen 2. (1914). See the (French-language) book review by Albert Condamin in Recherches de Science Religieuse, Tome Cinquieme, [Volume 5], 1914, Pages 178-179; and the (German-language) book reviews by C[?]. Frank in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 68 Band, 1914, Pages 218-220; and Friedrich Ginzel in Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 60 Jahrgang, 1925, (included in) Pages 24-29. See the (German-language) obituaries by Michael Esch in Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 64 Jahrgang, 1929, Pages 294-301 (with portrait photograph); and by Johann Schaumberger in Orientalia, Volumen 11, Nova Series, 1933, Pages 97-100; and the (English-language) obituary by Stephen Langdon in The (London) Times, Friday, 27 December, 1929, Page 6. See also the (German-language) biographical entries by Otto Volk in Neue Deutsche Biographie, Dreizehnter Band, 1982, Pages 247-248; and by Paul-Richard Berger in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (1992), Band 4, Columns 780-782. An entry on Franz Kugler is also included in Porträtgallerie der astronomischen Gesellschaft (1931, Page 35 (with portrait photograph). Life dates: 1862-1929.]
Kugler, Franz. (1914). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. Ergänzungen zum ersten und zweiten Buch. II. Teil.
Laffitte, Roland. (2007). Naissance et diffusion du zodiaque babylonien.
Langdon, Stephen. (1923). The Babylonian Epic of Creation. (2 Volumes). [Note: Detailed commentary/discussion of Tablet 5 of the Enuma Elis. See the (English-language) book review by Anon in The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXX, 1928, Pages 102-105; and the (German-language) book review by Erich Ebeling in Archiv für Keilschriftforschung, Zweiter Band, 1924-1925, Pages 28-30. See the (English-language) obituary by Cyril Gadd in Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume XXII, 1937, Pages 565-580; and the (German-language) obituary by Anon in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Neue Folge Band 10 (Band 44), 1938, Pages 192-193; and the (English-language) obituary by Reginald Thompson in Archiv für Orientforschung, Zwölfter Band, 1937-1939, Pages 97-98. Life dates: 1876-1937.]
Langdon, Stephen. (1935). Babylonian Menologies and the Semitic Calendars. [Note: Discusses constellations marking the months. See the (English-language) book review by Cyril Gadd in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, January, 1936, Pages 156-158; and the (French-language) book review by Charles Jean in Journal Asiatique, Tome CCXXVIII, 1936, Pages 671-673.]
Mackenzie, Donald. (No Date (1915?)). Myths of Babylon and Assyria. [Note: Contains a dated discussion of the astrolabes (circular star calendars). The author was a Scottish journalist and prolific writer on religion, mythology, and anthropology in the early 20th-century. Life dates 1873-1936.]
Meissner, Bruno. (1920-1925). Babylonien und Assyrien. (2 Volumes). [Note: A summary of Mesopotamian astronomy is contained in Einundzwanzigstes Kapitel, Volume 2, Pages 380-418. The fold-out sky map of Mesopotamian constellations, drawn by Ernst Weidner, located at the back of Volume 2 is unreliable. See the (French-language) book review by M[?]. Ginsburger in Revue de l'Histoire des Religions, Tome XCV, Numbers 2-3, Mars-Juin 1927, Page ? [Notices Bibliographiques]. See the (German-language) obituaries by Ernst Weidner in Archiv für Orientforschung, Fünfzehnter Band, 1945-1951, Pages 173-174; and Reallexikon der Assyriologie, Dritter Band, Fabel-Gyges und Nachtrag, 1957-1971, Pages 10-11.]
Neugebauer, Paul. and Weidner, Ernst. (1915). Ein astronomischer Beobachtungstext aus dem 37. Jahre Nebukadnezars II. [Note: Paul Neugebauer was astronomer to the Royal Astronomical Computing Office (Rechen-Institute) in Berlin. Life dates for Paul Neugebauer: 1878-1940.]
Newton, Robert. (1976). Ancient Planetary Observations and the Validity of Ephemeris Time. [Note: Contains some interesting discussions of Babylonian star names and constellations.]
Pallis, Svend. (1956). The Antiquity of Iraq: A Handbook of Assyriology. [Note: The author of this standard (but imperfect) handbook on many aspects of Assyriology is an Assyriologist. Some space is given to discussion of ancient Mesopotamian constellations. See the (French-language) book review by Agnès Spycket in Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Volume LI, Number 2, 1957, Pages 159-161.]
Pannekoek, Antonie. (1961). A History of Astronomy. [Note: English-language translation of the author's 1951 Dutch-language-book. See the (English-language) biographical entry by Marcel Minnaert in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, (1970-1980), edited by Charles Gillispie, Volume X, Pages 289-291. Life dates: 1873-1960.]
Papke, Werner. (1978). Die Keilschriftserie Mul.Apin. Dokument wissenschaftlicher Astronomie im 3. Jahrtausend. Dissertation. [Note: Werner Papke's 64 page doctoral dissertation that formed the basis for his later books was published in booklet form. Argues that information in the Series Mul.Apin can be dated to the third millennium BCE. Unreliable because of how his argument is constructed. See the effective criticisms in Mul.Apin: An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1989).]
Papke, Werner. (1989). Die Sterne von Babylon. [Note: Unreliable.]
Papke, Werner. (1994). Die geheime Botschaft des Gilgamesch. [Note: Unreliable. The book is a reprint of the authors "Die Sterne von Babylon."]
Parpola, Simo. (1983; Reprinted 2007). Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. [Note: The letter reports make frequent references to constellations.]
Parpola, simo. (1993). (Editor). Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Robert Biggs in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 56, January-October 1997, Pages 63-64. Simo Parpola is Professor of Assyriology, University of Helsinki, Finland.]
Pingree, David. and Walker, Christopher. (1988). "A Babylonian Star Catalogue: BM 78161." In: Leichty, Erle. (Editor-in-Charge). A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs. (Pages 313-322). [Note: Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, 9. A different interpretation of this tablet is given by Johannes Koch in "Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161" (Die Welt des Orients, Volume 23, 1992, Pages 39-67). See the (English-language) book review by Asger Aaboe in Isis, Volume 81, 1990, Pages 562-563.]
Porada, Edith. (1987). "On the Origins of "Aquarius."" In: Rochberg-Halton, Francesca. (Editor). Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica Reiner. (Pages 279-291). [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Jeremy Black in Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XXXIV, 1989, Pages 196-197. See the (English-language) obituary by Holly Pittman in American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 99, 1995, Pages 143-146. Life dates 1912-1994.]
Reiner, Erica. and Civil, Miguel. (1974). Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon II. [Note: Comprises a study of the Series HAR-ra="hubullu", Tablets XX-XXIV. Several times discusses Babylonian lists of constellations dating to the early 2nd millennium BCE.]
Reiner, Erica. and Pingree, David. (1981). Babylonian Planetary Omens 2. [Note: An excellent study of constellations and star names on Enuma Anu Enlil omen series tablets 50 & 51. Contains an extensive catalog of star names appearing in the omen texts (i.e., derived from omens about stars). David Pingree was Professor of the History of Mathematics at Brown University in the USA. See the (English-language) article book review by "Babylonian Astrological Omens and Their Stars." by Wilfred Lambert in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 107, Number 1, Jan-Mar., 1987, Pages 93-96. Life dates for Erica Reiner: 1924-2005; and for David Pingree: 1933-2005. See the obituaries for Erica Reiner by Hermann Hunger in Aestimatio, Volume 2, 2005, Pages 237-238; by Lori Rackl in the Chicago Sun-Times, January 4, 2006; by Anon in The University of Chicago Chronicle, January 5, 2006, Volume 25, Number 7; by Wolfgang Saxon in The New York Times, January 22, 2006; and by Loren Yue in the Chicago Tribune, January 24, 2006.]
Reiner, Erica. and Pingree, David (2005). Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Four. [Note: See: II The Omens on Pages 27-32 for a discussion of Babylonian constellations mentioned in relation to Jupiter. See also the (English-language) book review by John Steele in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Part 3, August, 2006, Number 128, Pages 362-363.]
Rochberg-Halton, Francesca. (1988). Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. [Note: Beiheft 22, Archiv für Orientforschung. The author's doctorate dissertation written circa 1980. See the critical (English-language) review by Andrew George in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Sechsundachtzigster Jahrgang, 1991, Number 4, Columns 378-384).]
Roughton, Norbert. (2002). "A Study of Babylonian Normal-Star Almanacs and Observational Texts." In: Steele, John and Imhausen, Annette. (Editors). Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. (Pages 367-378).
Sachs, Abraham. (1974). "Babylonian observational astronomy." In: Hodson, Frank. (Editor). The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World. (Pages 43-50). [Note: See page Table 1 on 46 for a list of the (late) standard Babylonian reference stars. The papers comprising the volume originated from a joint symposium on ancient astronomy held by The Royal Society and The British Academy. They were also published in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London," Volume 276 A, Number 1257. See the (English-language) books reviews by Colin Renfrew in Archaeology, Volume 26, Number 1, January, 1973, Pages 222-223; and by A[lexis?]. Brookes in The Classical Review, New Series Volume XXVII, (Volume XCI of the Continuous Series), 1977, Pages 95-96.]
Sachs, Abraham. and Hunger, Hermann. (1988). Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Volume 1. Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C. [Note: See the section "Normal Stars" (Pages 17-19) in the "Introduction."]
Seidl, Ursula. (1989). Die Babylonischen Kudurru-reliefs: Symbole Mesopotamischer Gottheiten. [Note: The standard study. Includes a discussion of the possible astronomical significance of Kudurru iconography. Profusely illustrated.]
Schaumberger, Johannes. (1935). Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3. Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch. [Note: Johannes Schaumberger took up Franz Kugler's unfinished studies and completed a third supplement to volumes 1 and 2 of "Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel." This supplement includes further studies on the identification of constellations and star names. See the (English-language) book review by Solomon Gandz in Isis, Volume XXV, Part 2, Number 70, September, 1936, Pages 473-476; and the (French-language) book review by David Sidersky in Journal Asiatique, Tome CCXXVIII, MDCCCXXXVI, Pages 515-516; and the (German laguage) book reviews by Albert Schott in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Band 90, (Neue Folge Band 15), 1936, Pages 493-496; and by Paul Neugebauer in Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 73 Jahrgang, 1938, Pages 14-18. See also the (German-language) obituary by Ernst Weidner in Archiv für Orientforschung, Siebzehnter Band, 1954-1956, Pages 490-491; and the (German-language) biographical entry by OttoWeiss in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (1995), Band 9, Columns 22-23. Life dates: 1885-1955.]
Schneider, Nickolaus. (1914). Pantheon Babylonicum. [Note: Latin text. The entries frequently deal with Babylonian constellations and star names and draw heavily on the published volumes of "Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel" by Franz Kugler. See the (German-language) book review by Wilhelm Förtsch in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 18, March, 1915, Number 3, Columns 80-83; the (French-language) book review by Louis Delaporte in Journal Asiatique, Onzième Série, Tome IV, 1914, Pages 672-673; the (English-language) book review by Anon in The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XVI, 1915, Pages 284-285; and the (German-language) book review by Otto Schroeder in Theologische Literaturzeitung, Volume 40, Number 10, 15 May, 1915, Columns 217-218. See the (German-language) obituary by Ernst Weidner in Archiv für Orientforschung, Sechzehnter Band, 1952-1953, Pages 396-397.]
Steinkeller, Piotr. (2005). "Of Stars and Men: The Conceptual and Mythological Setup of Babylonian Extispicy." In: Gianto, Agustinus. (Editor). Biblical and Oriental Essays in Memory of William L. Moran. (Pages11-47). [Note: Brilliant essay on the nature of Babylonian extispicy. Some discussion of constellations and star names.]
Steinmetzer, Franz. (1922; Reprinted 1968). Die babylonischen Kudurru (Grenzsteine) als Urkundenform.
Stephenson, Francis. and Walker, Christopher. (1985). (Editors). Halley's Comet in History. [Note: Contains a brief discussion of Babylonian zodiacal constellations and normal stars.]
Tuman, Vladimir. (1987). "Kudurru # SB 25 At The Louvre Museum Represents The Summer Solstice Festival June 22, 1203 B.C. (Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Volume 19, Pages652-?).
Tuman, Vladimir. (1992). "Astronomical Dating of Mul.Apin Tablets." In: Charpin, Dominique and Joannès, F[?]. (Editors). La circulation des biens, des persons et des idées dans le Proche-Orient ancien: Actes de la XXXVIIIe Recontre Assyriologique Internationale (Paris, 8-10 juillet 1991), Pages 397-414). [Note: The paper was also published in the Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies in 1992.]
Tuman, Vladimir. (1993). "Astronomical Dating of Observed and Recorded Events in the Astrolabe V R 46." In: Galter, Hannes. and Scholz, Bernhard. (Editors). Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mespotamiens. (Pages 199-209). [Note: Vladimir Tuman was Professor of Physics and Earth Sciences at the California State University. He first started researching Mesopotamian astronomy circa 1975.]
Ungnad, Arthur. (1923). Ursprung und Wanderung der Sternnamen. [Note: Pamphlet. Title in English: Origin and Migration of the Star Names. The author was a noted German assyriologist.]
Verderame, Lorenzo. (2004). "I colori nell'astrologia mesopotamica." In: Waetzoldt, Hartmut. (Editor). Von Sumer nach Ebla und zurück: Festschrift; Giovanni Pettinato. [Note: The Festschrift was held in 1999.]
Virolleaud, Charles. (1905-1912). L'astrologie chaldéenne. [Note: Transcriptions and autographs of the omen series Enuma Anu Enlil. (There are no translations included.) Published in 12 fascicules. (Tablets 50 and 51 have important constellation/star name lists.) See the (English-language) book review by Reginald Thompson in The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Volume 25, Number 3, April, 1909, Page 256.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1965). Die Anfänge der Astronomie: Erwachende Wissenschaft II. [Note: Somewhat different in arrangement and a little different in content to the later revised English translation "The Birth of Astronomy" (1974). See the (German-language) book reviews by Wolfram von Soden in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Dreiundsechzigster Jahrgang, 1968, Number 7/8, Columns 350-354; and by Willy Hartner in Gnomon, Band 44, 1972, Pages 529-537. See also the (English-language) book reviews by Gerald Toomer in Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 88, 1968, Pages 192-194; by Owen Gingerich in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 89, Number 3, 1969, Pages 634-635; and the quite critical book review by the assyriologist Wilfred Lambert in the Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 21, Numbers 1 and 2, 1976, Pages 163-164.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1974). Science Awakening II: The Birth of Astronomy. [Note: A translation of the 1965 (reprinted (1966?/1968) German edition. The author was a Dutch mathematician (Professor of Mathematics at the University of Zürich) who also contributed considerably to our knowledge of the exact sciences in antiquity, including aspects of Babylonian astronomy. The book contains detailed information on Babylonian constellations and star names but needs to be used with some caution. See the (English-language) book reviews by Victor Thoren in Isis, Volume 67, Number 3, September, 1976, Pages 478-479; by Lis Brack-Bernsen in Centaurus, Volume 20, 1977, Pages 327-328; and by Bernard Goldstein in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 37, January-October, 1978, Pages 275-277.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1988). Die Astronomie der Griechen. [Note: Contains a brief discussion of the ideas of Werner Papke regarding Babylonian star identifications.]
Wallenfels, Ronald. (1993). "Zodiacal Signs among the Seal Impressions from Hellenistic Uruk." In: Cohen, Mark. et al. (Editors). The Tablet and the Scroll: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo. (Pages 281-289).
Weidner, Ernst. (1911). Beiträge zur babylonischen Astronomie. [Note: Basically a collection of studies. The German Assyriologist, Ernst Weidner (1891-1976) was 20 years old when this book was published. See the (French-language) book reviews by Charles Fossey in Revue critique d'histoire et de littérature, Volume 46, Number 2, 1912, Pages 323-324; and Journal Asiatique, Séries 11, 1, Mars-Avril, 1913, Pages 472-473; and the (German-language) book review by Hugo Figulla in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 18, 1915, Number 10, Columns 305-307. See the (German-language) biographical tribute "Ernst Weidner - Gelehrter und Mensch," by Kurt Jaritz in Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens, edited by Hannes Galter and Bernhard Scholz (1993), Pages 11-20; and the (German-language) obituary by Wolfram von Soden in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, Volume 66, 1976, Pages 153-155. Life dates: 1891-1976. By way of noting some details regarding Charles Fossey (1869-1946). Fossey was trained as an Assyriologist. However, his work was connected with philology and archaeology and focused more on the technical problems of linguistic and archaeological evidence. He participated in several expeditions to sites in the Middle East. Between 1902 and 1909 he published a number of manuals, dictionaries, and grammars of Assyrian languages and also several works on Assyrian magic and divination. He held a chair in teaching Assyrian-Babylonian religion at the École Pratique de Hautes Études (a Public University founded in 1868 by the French Government).]
Weidner, Ernst. (1915; Reprinted 1976). Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Band I. Teil I. [Note: No further volumes appeared. The existing volume is now very outdated. See the (German-language) book review by Bruno Meissner in Theologische Literaturzeitung, Volume 41, Number 7, 1 April, 1916, Columns 145-147; and the highly critical (German-language) book review by Franz Kugler in Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, 51 Jahrgang, 1916, Pages 162-171.]
Weidner, Ernst. (1967). Gestirn-Darstellungen auf Babylonischen Tontafeln. [Note: Basically a study of constellation representations on clay tablets. See the (English-language) book review by Robert Biggs in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 30, Number 1, January, 1971, Pages 73-74; and the (English-language) book review by Richard Caplice in Orientalia, Volume 38 Nova Series, 1969, Pages 580-582.]
White, Gavin. (2007). Babylonian Star-lore: An illustrated guide to the stars and constellations of ancient Babylonia. [Note: Not written for a scholarly audience. The book is based on Mul.Apin: An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform.by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1989), and other similar publications. The author is a dedicated enthusiast who spent some 3 years researching and writing the book using the extensive library at the School of Oriental and African Studies in Central London. Needs to be used with some caution. Contains a number of speculative ideas such as (1) the oldest constellations were created around 5000 BCE and that around 2400 BCE the Mesopotamian star-map underwent a substantial revision, (2) the star-map as a whole can be best understood as a pictorial calendar which represents the life-cycles of the sun, Dumuzi and mankind in general, and (3) the Denderah circular zodiac is really an Egyptianised (and somewhat confused) version of the Babylonian star-map. The author places reliance on the Denderah circular zodiac in his reconstruction of the Babylonian star-map.]
Articles/Entries:
Beaulieu, Paul-Alain. (1999). "The Babylonian Man in the Moon." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 51, Pages 91-99).
Bosanquet, Robert. and Sayce, Archibald. (1880). "The Babylonian Astronomy. No 2." (Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume XL, January 9, No 3, Pages 105-123). [Note: Includes a lengthy discussion of K 8538 (an Assyrian 8-sector planisphere). Life dates for Robert Bosanquet: 1841-1912. See the (English-language) obituary by Anon in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 73, 1913, Pages 202-203. Life dates for Archibald Sayce: 1846-1933.]
Brack-Bernsen, Liz. (2003). "The Path of the Moon, the Rising Points of the Sun, and the Oblique Great Circle on the Celestial Sphere." (Centaurus, Volume 45, Pages 16-31). [Note: Interesting discussion of the identification of the obliquity of the ecliptic and its division into12 parts comprising 30 degrees each.]
Brack-Bernsen, Liz. (2005). "The "days in excess" from MUL.APIN. On the "first intercalation" and "water clock" schemes from MUL.APIN." (Centaurus, Volume 47, Number 1, Pages 1-29).
van Buren, Elizabeth. (1939-1941). "The Seven Dots in Mesopotamian Art and their Meaning." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Band 13, Pages 277-289). [Note: For an informed criticism of the basic tenets of the article see Symbols of Prehistoric Mesopotamia by (the historian) Beatrice Goff (1963) Pages 122-123. The identification of the seven dots is first known with certainty in Mitannian glyptic art circa 1500 BCE (where they form a ring or rosette). During this early period they were also arranged in two rows of three headed by a seven dot. Earlier use of (seven) dots have no precise order and no uniform size. The seven dots perhaps originally represented the Sibittu, the seven unnamed gods (who may have been associated with the Pleiades). (There were actually two groups of Sibittu, the good gods and the evil demons.) The identification of the seven dots with the (seven) incantation stones/pebbles used for giving oracles by casting lots is not firmly established. At least from the Middle Assyrian Period (1400-1050 BCE) the seven dots appear in close association with clearly established astral symbols such as the solar disk and the lunar crescent. During the Assyrian Period they also became shaped like stars. This substitution of the seven dots by seven stars during the Neo-Assyrian Period (934-610 BCE) and Neo-Babylonian Period (626-539 BCE) may be an identification with the Pleiades. Only much later are they firmly identified in texts with the Pleiades. The Seleucid Period tablet (circa 3rd-century BCE) VAT 7851 has the seven dots labelled MUL.MUL (= Pleiades). See also her article "The Rosette in Mesopotamian Art" in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie Vorderasiastische Archäologie, Neue Folge 11. (45.) Band, September 1939, 2/3 Heft, Pages 99-107; and "dVII-bi" by Charles-F. Jean in Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Volume XXI, Numbers 1-2, 1924, Pages 93-104.]
Burrows, Eric. (1935). "The Constellation of the Wagon and Recent Archaeology." (Analecta Orientalia 12, Pages 34-40).
Cavaignac, Eugène. (1959). "À propos des Pléiades. Calendrier babylonien et calendrier grec." (Journal Asiatique, Volume CCXLVII, Pages 396-398).
De Jong, Teije. (2007). "Astronomical dating of the rising star list in MUL.APIN." (Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Band 97, Pages 107-120).
De Meis, Salvo. and Hunger, Hermann. (1995/1996). "Astronomical Dating of "Observed" Events in the Star List V R 46." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Volume XLII and Volume XLIII, Pages 208-209).
Donbaz, Veysel. and Koch, Johannes. (1995). "Ein Astrolab der Dritten Generation NV. 10." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 47, Pages 63-84).
Dossin, Georges. 1935). "Prières aux "Dieux de la Nuit" (AO 6769)." (Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Volume XXXII, Number 4, Pages 179-187).
Eisler, Robert. (1948). Review of "Azimuthpendelungen der Fixsterne und die Ueberlieferung. Berechnungen zur vorgriechischen Astronomie Number IV," by Robert Böker (1949). (Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Nouvelle Série d'ARCHEION, Tome XXVIII, Numéro 5, Octobre, 1948, Pages 1184-1189). [Note: The "review" comprises a fascinating essay covering a lot of territory.]
Florisoone, André. (1950). "Les origines chaldéennes du zodiaque." (Ciel et Terre, Volume 66, Pages 256-268). [Note: I think this excellent article was also issued as a pamphlet.]
Florisoone, André. (1951). "Astres et constellations des Babylonians." (Ciel et Terre, Volume 67, Pages 153-169). [Note: A continuation of his 1950 article and deals mainly with the constellations listed in Mul.Apin. Use of dated material by Ernst Weidner and others. Use of Planetarium Babylonicum by Felix Gössmann (1950), and Mul.Apin by Hermann Hunger and David Pingree (1989), is preferred.]
Frank, Carl. (1914). "Nochmals Br. M. 86378." (Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Achtundzwanzigster Band, Pages 371-376). [Note: An early discussion of Mul.Apin tablet 1.]
Geller, Markham. (1990). "Astronomy and Authorship." (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume LIII, Part 2, Pages209-213). [Note: An informed discussion of the issues involved in the dating of Mul.Apin.]
Gingerich, Owen. (1984). "The Origin of the Zodiac." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 67, Number 3, March, Pages 218-220).
Hartner, Willy. (1965). "The Earliest History of the Constellations in the Near East and the Motif of the Lion-Bull Combat." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume XXIV, Pages 1-16, and Plates I-XVI. [Note: Also printed in Oriens-Occidens, Volume 1, 1968, Pages 221-259 (comprising 1 of 2 volumes of Hartner's collected essays). The paper is highly speculative and remains unsupported by any archaeological evidence. Its conclusions have been accepted by Bartel van der Waerden, Owen Gingerich, and Ed Krupp. The paper is 1 of 3 highly speculative (and generally ignored) papers published by the author. The other 2 are: "Eclipse Records and Thales' Prediction of a Solar Eclipse: Historic Truth and Modern Myth." (Centaurus, Volume 14, 1969, Pages 60-71); and "The Young Avestan and Babylonian Calendars." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 10, 1979). (See also Hartner's other essay supporting his view of the lion-bull combat as a depiction of early constellations: "The Conquering Lion, the Life Cycle of a Symbol," by Willy Hartner and Richard Ettinghausen, Oriens, Volume 17, 1964, Pages 161-171.) Life dates: 1905-1981. His doctoral dissertation, gained in 1928 from Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, was Die Störungen der Planeten in Gyldénschen Koordinaten als Funktionen der mittleren Länge. See the (English-language) obituaries by Paul Kunitzsch in Journal for the History of Arabic Science, Volume 5, 1981, Pages 109-?; by Matthias Schramm in Journal for General Philosophy of Science, Volume 13, Number 1, March, 1982, Pages 1-21; and by Michael Hoskin in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 25, 1984, Page 373.]
Horowitz, Wayne. (1989). "The Akkadian Name for Ursa Minor: mul.mar.gíd.da.an.na = eriqqi same/samami." (Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiastische Archäologie, Volume 79, Pages 242-244).
Horowitz, Wayne. (1994). "Two New Ziqpu-Star Texts and Stellar Circles." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 46, Pages 89-98).
Horowitz, Wayne. and Al-Rawi, Farouk. (2001). "Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere." (Iraq, Volume LXIII, Pages 171-181).
Huber, Peter. (1958). "Ueber den Nullpunkt der Babylonischen Ekliptik." (Centaurus, Volume 5, Numbers 3-4, Pages 192-208).
Hunger, Hermann. (1982). "Zwei Tafeln des astronomischen Textes MUL.APIN im Vorderasiatischen Museum zu Berlin." (Forschungen und Berichte Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Band 22, Archäeologische Beiträge 1982, Pages 127-135).
Hunger, Hermann. (1995/1996). "Astronomical Dating of "Observed" Events in the Star List V R 46." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Zweiundvierzigster und Dreiundvierzigster Band [Band 42-43], Pages 208-209).
Ignace, Gelb et al. (Editors), (1964-). Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. [Note: The volumes of this continuing project (due for completion 2006/2007) include multiple entries on the identification of constellations and star names. However, there is still a heavy reliance on earlier studies. The quality of the project, whilst very high, has attracted mixed reviews. For example see the (English-language) book review by Godfrey Driver in Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume IX, 1964, Pages 346-350.]
Iwaniszewski, Stanislaw. (2003). "Archaeoastronomical Analysis of Assyrian and Babylonian Monuments: Methodological Issues." (Journal for the history of Astronomy, Volume 34, Part 1, February, Number 114, Pages 79-93). [Note: An important critique of Vladimir Tuman's methodological approach to, and the early dating of, kudurrus. The author is Professor of Anthropology at the National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City; and Keeper at the State Archaeological Museum, Warsaw.]
Jean, Charles-F. (1924). "dVII-bi." (Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Volume XXI, Numbers 1-2, Pages 93-104) [Note: Discusses the identification of dVII-bi as the Pleiades.]
Jones, Alexander. (2004). "A Study of Babylonian Observations of Planets Near Normal Stars." (Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Volume 58, Number 6, September, Pages 475-536). [Note: Attempts to describe the observational practices involving the planets and marking system of "normal stars" positioned near the ecliptic.]
King, Leonard. (1913). "A Neo-Babylonian Astronomical Treatise in the British Museum and its Bearing on the Age of Babylonian Astronomy." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, January - December, Volume 35, Pages 41-46). [Note: Provides a general description of the contents of BM 86378 (i.e., Mul.Apin tablet 1). Also provides a photograph of both the obverse and reverse sides of tablet 1.]
Koch, Ulla., Schaper, Joachim., Fischer, Susanne. and Wegelin, Michael. (1990/1991). "Eine neue Interpretation der Kudurru-Symbole." (Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Volume 41, Pages 93-114).
Koch, Johannes. (1990). "Der Mardukstern Neberu." (Welt des Orients, Band 22, Pages 48-72).
Koch, Johannes. (1991-1992). "Irrungen und Wirrungen einer Rezension." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Band 38-39, Pages 125-130). [Note: The authors response to "Anmerkungen zu Johannes Koch, Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels," by Heinz Neumann, in the same volume.]
Koch, Johannes. (1992). "Der Sternkatalog BM 78161." (Welt des Orients, Band 23, Pages 39-67).
Koch, Johannes. (1995). "Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog." (Welt des Orients, Band 26, Pages 43-85).
Koch, Johannes. (1995-1996). "MUL.APIN II i 68-71." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Zweiundvierzigster und Dreiundvierzigster Band [Band 42-43], Pages 155-162). [Note: The author gives his analysis of Mul.Apin II i 68-71 and proposes a date of 1300 BCE for this section of text.]
Koch, Johannes. (1997). "Zur Bedeutung von Lál in den "Astronomical Diaries" und in der Plejaden-Schaltregel." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 49, Pages 83-101).
Koch, Johannes. (1999). "Die Planeten-Hypsomata in Einem Babylonischen Sternenkatalog." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 58, January-October, Pages 19-31).
Koch, Johannes. (2001). "Neue Überlegungen zu Einigen Astrologischen und Astronomischen Keilschrifttexten." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 53, Pages 69-81).
Koch, Johannes. (2006). "Neues vom astralmythologischen Bericht BM 55466+." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 58, Pages ?-?).
Krupp, Ed. (1997). "In the Wake of Heaven's Gate." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 94, Number 3, September, Pages 80-81).
Krupp, Ed. (2000). "Hard Rain." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 100, Number 5, November, Pages 93-95).
Laffitte, Roland. (2004). "Sur l'origine du nom de la constellation de la Vierge." (Journal asiatique, Tome CCIXII, Numbers 1 and 2, Pages ?-?).
Landsberger, Benno. and Wilson, John. (1961). "The Fifth Tablet of Enuma Elis." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 20, Pages 154-179.)
Langdon, Stephen. (1915). "kusarikku, "Goat-Fish."" (The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Volume 31, Number 4, July, Pages 283-285). [Note: Appears in section Critical Notes, III.]
Madeja, E[?]. (1918). "Das Ninlil-Tor zu Ninnive." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, 21 Jahrgang, Number 7/8, Juli/August, Columns 165-167).
Mahler, Eduard. (1903). "Die Wege des Anu, Bel und Ea." (Orientalistische Litteratur-zeitung, Number 4, April, Columns 155-160).
Neugebauer, Paul. and Weidner, Ernst. (1931/1932). "Die Himmelsrichtungen bei den Babyloniern." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Siebenter Band, Pages 269-271).
Neumann, Heinz. (1991/1992). "Anmerkungen zu Johannes Koch, Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Volumes 38/39, Pages 110-124). [Note: An extensive critical commenatary on "Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels," by Johannes Koch.]
Oelsner, Joachim. and Horowitz, Wayne. (1997/1998). "The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Band XLIV und Band XLV, Pages 176-185).
Plunket, Emmeline. (1893). "The Constellation Aries." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 15, March, Pages 237-242). [Note: The contents page for Volume 15 (1893: November - 1893: June) has mistakenly printed Pages 257-342 for the article. Unreliable. The article was also included as Chapter II (Pages 24-43), with added illustrations, in her book Ancient Calendars and Constellations (first published 1903).]
Plunket, Emmeline. (1896). ""Gu," the Eleventh Constellation of the Zodiac." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 18, February, Pages 65-70). [Note: Unreliable. The article was also included as Chapter III (Pages 44-55) in her book Ancient Calendars and Constellations (first published 1903).]
Plunket, Emmeline. (1906). "The "Star of Stars" and "Dilgan"." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, January - December, Volume 28, Pages 6-13 (January), and Pages 47-53 (February)).
Postgate, Nicholas. (1997). "Mesopotamian Petrology: Stages in the Classification of the Material World." (Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Volume 7, Number 2, October, Pages 205-224) [Note: Includes a discussion of a Seleucid astrological tablet (VAT 7847) depicting several constellations (i.e., Leo and Hydra).]
Roaf, Michael. and Zgoll, Annette. (2001). "Assyrian Astroglyphs: Lord Aberdeen's Black Stone and the Prisms of Esarhaddon." (Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiastische Archäologie, Band 91, Pages 264-295).
Rochberg-Halton, Francesca. (1983). "Stellar Distances in Early Babylonian Astronomy: A New Perspective on the Hilprecht Text (HS 229)." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 42, Pages 209-217).
Roughton, Norbert. and Canzoneri, G[?]. (1992). "Babylonian Normal Stars in Sagittarius." (Journal of the History of Astronomy, Volume XXIII, Pages 193-200).
Roughton, Norbert., Steele, John. and Walker, Christopher. (2004). "A Late Babylonian Normal and Ziqpu Star Text." (Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Volume 58, Number 6, September, Pages 537-572).
Sachs, Abraham. (1952). "A Late Babylonian Star Catalog." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume VI, Pages 146-150).
Schott, Albert. (1934). "Das Werden der babylonisch-asyrischen Positions-Astronomie und einige seiner Bedingungen."(Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Band 88, Pages 302-337). [Note: Albert Schott was an accomplished German assyriologist who studied under Peter Jensen. Life dates: 1901-1945.]
Schott, Albert. (1936). "Marduk und sein Stern." (Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Verwandte Gebiete, Neue Folge, Band 9 (Band 43), Pages 124-145).
Slanski, Kathryn. (2000). "Classification, Historiography and Monumental Authority: The Babylonian Entitlement Narus (Kudurrus)." (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 52, Pages 95-114). [Note: An informed alternative view of the function of kudurrus. The author briefly mentions the attempts at an astral interpretation of some symbols on kudurrus. Her book-length study is: Babylonian Entitlement Narus (Kudurrus: A Study in Their form and Function (2003).]
Toomer, Gerald. (1996). "Constellations and Named Stars." In: Hornblower, Simon. and Spawforth Antony. (Editors). The Classical Oxford Dictionary. Third edition. (Pages 381-383).
Tuman, Vladimir. and Hoffman, Robert. (1987/1988). "Rediscovering the Past: Application of Computers to the Astronomical Dating of Kudurru SB22 of the Louvre Museum." (Archeoastronomy: The Journal of the Center for Archaeoastronomy, Volume X, Pages 124-138).
Tuman, Vladimir. (1989/1990). "Astronomical dating of the Kudurru, IM-80908." (Sumer, Volume 46, Numbers 1/2, Pages 98ff).
Tuman, Vladimir. (1992). "Astronomical Dating of Mul-Apin Tablets." (Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, Volume VI, Number 1, Pages ?-?). [Note: The paper was originally presented at the XXXVIIIth International Congress of Assyriologists in Paris, 8-10 June, 1991, and was published in the Proceedings of the Conference in 1992.]
Tuman, Vladimir. (1993/1994). "An attempt to Date Text 3 of Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51: "Tentative date December 2, - 1878."" (Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Volume 46, Pages 95-103).
Ungnad, Arthur. (1919). "Bemerkungen zur babylonischen Himmelskunde." (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Volume 73, Pages 159-175). [Note: See the (German-language) obituary by Ernst Weidner in Archiv für Orientforschung, Fünfzehnter Band, 1945-1951, Pages 175-176.]
Ungnad, Arthur. (1923). "Babylonische Sternbilder oder der Weg babylonischer Kultur nach Griechenland." (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Volume 77, Pages 81-91).
Ungnad, Arthur. (1925). "Die Paradiesbäume." (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Volume 79, Pages 111-118).
Ungnad, Arthur. (1941/1944). "Besprechungkunst und Astrologie Babylonien." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Vierzehnter Band, Pages 251-284).
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1949). "Babylonian Astronomy II: The Thirty-six Stars." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume VIII, January-October, Pages 6-26). [Note: Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (1903-1996) was a Dutch mathematician and from 1951 was professor of mathematics at the University of Zürich. He published numerous books and articles on the history of mathematics and astronomy in Antiquity.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1952/1953). "History of the Zodiac." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Volume 16, Pages 216-230). [Note: An important article.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1978). "Mathematics and Astronomy in Mesopotamia." In: Gillespie, Charles. (Editor in Chief). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Volume XV. Supplement I. (Pages 667-680).
von Soden, Wolfram. (1959-1981). Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. (3 Volumes). [Note: The volumes include multiple entries on the identification of constellations and star names. See the (English-language) book reviews (of the first fascicule) by Cecil Weir in Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume V, 1960, Pages 158-159; and (of the last fascicule) by Wilfred Lambert in Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XXVII, 1982, specifically Pages 281-282. Life dates: 1908-1996. See also the (French-language) review of the first fascicule by Édouard Dhorme in Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Volume LIII, Number 3, 1959, Pages 211-214; and the (German-language) reviews of later fascicules by Armas Salonen in Archiv für Orientforschung, Einundzwanzigster Band, 1966, Pages 96-98; Archiv für Orientforschung, Band 22, 1968/1969, Pages 88-89; and Archiv für Orientforschung, Band 23, 1970, Pages 95-97. See the (German-language) obituary by Rykle [Riekele] Borger in Archiv für Orientforschung, Vierundvierzigster und Fünfundvierzigster Band, 1997/1998, Pages 588-594. Life dates: 1908-1996.]
Walker, Christopher. and Hunger, Hermann. (1977). "Zwölfmaldei." (Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin, Nummer 109, Pages 27-34). [Note: Life dates for Christopher Walker circa 1940-.]
Walker, Christopher. (1983). "The Myth of Girra and Elamatum." (Anatolian Studies, Volume XXXIII, Pages 145-152).
Walker, Christopher. (1995). "The Dalbanna Text: A Mesopotamian Star-List." (Welt des Orients, Volume 26, Pages 27-42).
Weidner, Ernst. (1911). "Babylonische Messung von Fixsterndistanzen." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Number 8, Columns 345-347).
Weidner, Ernst. (1912). "Das Tierkreisbild des Wassermanns in der babylonischen." (Babyloniaca: Études de philologie assyro-babylonienne, Tome 6, Pages 216-224). [Note: Forms part of part XI of a larger article: "Zur babylonischen Astronomie."]
Weidner, Ernst. (1913). "Zu der neuen Sternliste in CT XXXIII." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Number 4, Columns 149-152).
Weidner, Ernst. (1913). "Beiträge zur Erklärung der astronomischen Keilschrifttexte." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Number 5, Columns 204-212).
Weidner, Ernst. (1919). "Babylonische Hypsomatabilder." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Number 1/2, Columns 10-16).
Weidner, Ernst. (1921-1923). "Studien zur Babylonischen Himmelskunde." (Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, Volume IX, Pages 287-300).
Weidner, Ernst. (1923). "Astrologische Texte aus Boghazköi. Ihre sprachliche und kulturhistorische Bedeutung." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Erster Band, Pages 1-8, and Pages 38-43).
Weidner, Ernst. (1924). "Ein babylonisches Kompendium der Himmelskunde." (The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Volume XL, Pages 186-208). [Note: A study of Mul.Apin series tablet 1.]
Weidner, Ernst. (1924/1925). "Das Paradies am Sternenhimmel." (Archiv für Keilschriftforschung, Zweiter Band, Pages 124-130).
Weidner, Ernst. (1927). "Eine Beschreibung des Sternenhimmels aus Assur." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Vierter Band, Pages 73-85).
Weidner, Ernst. (1931/1932). "Der Tierkreis und die Wege am Himmel." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Siebenter Band, Pages 170-178).
Weidner, Ernst. (1938). "kakkab Epinnu." In: Ebeling, Erich. and Meissner, Bruno. (Editors). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Volume 2. Pages 409-412. [Note: It's really a dual article. The second entry is: Die Serie kakkab Epinnu.]
Weidner, Ernst. (1956). "Ein Losbuch in Keilschrift aus der Seleukidenzeit." (Syria. Revue d'Art Oriental et d'Archéologie, Volume XXXIII, Pages 175-183). [Note: Includes discussion of a cuneiform text dated circa 1500-1000 BCE that mentions some ecliptic constellations that later formed part of the 12-constellation zodiac.]
Weidner, Ernst. (1957-1971). "Fixsterne." In: Weidner, Ernst. and von Soden, Wolfram. (Editors). Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. (Volume 3, Pages 72-82). [Note: The author erroneously inferred that there was evidence of constellations and star names existing in the third millennium BCE.]
Weidner, Ernst. (1959/1960). "Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Neunzehnter Band, Pages 105-113).
Weidner, Ernst. (1963). "Astrologische Geographie im Alten Orient." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Zwanzigster Band, Pages 117-121).
Weidner, Ernst. (1966). "<<Sirius am Tage>>." (Archiv für Orientforschung, Einundzwanzigster Band, Page 55).
Books/Pamphlets:
Blomberg, Mary. and Henriksson, Göran. (2000). "New arguments for the Minoan origin of the stellar positions in Aratos' Phainomena." In: Esteban, César. and Belmonte, Juan. (Editors). Astronomy and Cultural Diversity: Proceedings of the International conference "Oxford VI & SEAC 99." (Pages 303-310). [Note: Based on a paper presented at the 1999 conference. The date given for the Aratean constellations is circa 2,250 BCE. Caution is advised in accepting the date given in this paper for the Aratean constellations.]
Blomberg, Peter. (2003). "The Early Hellenic Sky Map." In: BAR International Series, 1154, Pages 71-75. [Note: Paper presented at the European Association of Archaeologists eighth annual meeting, in Thessaloniki, 2002. BAR = British Archaeological Reports. The author believes the astronomical knowledge of the Minoans influenced the development of the Greek constellations.]
Blomberg, Peter. (2003). "The northernmost constellations in early Greek tradition." In: Blomberg, Mary., Blomberg, Peter., and Henriksson, Göran. (Editors). Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture. (Pages 67-71). [Note: Proceedings of the 9th annual meeting of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC), Stockholm, 27-30 August 2001.]
Böker, Robert. (1952). Die Entstehung der Sternsphaere Arats. [Note: A 68-page brochure on the Aratean planisphere. A solid discussion of the issues.]
Boll, Franz. (1903; Reprinted 1967). Sphaera: Neue griechische Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Sternbilder. [Note: The book includes a detailed discussion of the Sphaera Barbarica. See the (English-language) book review by Anon in Nature, Volume LXVII, November 1902 to April 1903, (Thursday, March 26, 1903), Page 481; the (French-language) book review by Édouard Chavannes in T'oung Pao, Series II, Volume V, 1904, Pages 208-212; and the (German-language) book review by Hugo Winckler in Orientalistische Litteratur-zeitung, Siebenter Jahrgang, Number 2, February, 1904, Columns 55-65; and Siebenter Jahrgang, Number 3, March, 1904, Columns 93-104. See also the (German-language) biography in Neue Deutsche Biographie, Zweiter Band, 1953, Page 432. Life dates: 1867-1924.]
Boll, Franz. (1918). Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne. [Note: Carl Bezold contributed a chapter to this book. See the (German-language) book review by Otto Schroeder in Theologische Literaturzeitung, 44 Jahrgang, Number 7/8, 26 April 1919, Columns 73-74.]
Brown, Junior., Robert. (1885). The Phainomena or 'Heavenly Display' of Aratos: Done into English Verse. [Note: Said to be a literal translation into English but radically different to the English translation rendered in "The Skies and Weather-forecasts of Aratus," by E[?]. Poste (1880). See the (English-language) reviews by J[ohn?]. Watson in The Academy, August 29, 1885, Number 695, Pages 137-138; and by Anon in the Astronomical Register, Volume 24, 1886, Page 317.]
Brown, Junior., Robert. (1892). "The Celestial Equator of Aratos." In: Morgan, E. (Editor). Transactions of the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists. 2 Volumes. (Pages 445-485). [Note: The paper is in Volume 2. By way of noting Robert Brown Junior was appointed Secretary of the Archaic Greece and the East Section (for the duration/terms of the Congress?). This is the publication in which Robert Brown (erroneously) dates the origin of the Babylonian zodiac to 2084 BCE. Brown believed that nobody was inventing the zodiac circa 500 BCE. If fact we now know that the zodiac was developed by the Babylonians over circa 700 BCE to circa 400 BCE. Nobody was inventing a zodiac prior to the Babylonians in the first millennium BCE.]
Büchel, Carl. (1905). Über Sternnamen. [Note: 15-page, A4 size pamphlet.]
Charvet, Pascal. and Zucker, Armaud. (Editors). (1998). Le ciel: mythes et histoire des constellations: les Catastérismes d'Ératosthène. [Note: An edition of the Catasterisme of [pseudo-]Eratosthenes with commentary.]
Chassapis, C[onstantin]? (1967). He Hellenike astronomia tes 2 Chilieteridos p. X. kata tous Ophikous hymnous [Greek Astronomy of the 2nd Millennium BC According to the Orphic Hymns.] [Note: The English title given is an approximation of the Greek-language title (with thanks to Paolo Ulivi). The author identifies himself as a Greek astronomer. In the monograph, which entirely in Greek except for a 4-page English-language summary, he argues that the Orphic Hymns were formulated during 1841-1366 BCE and contain sophisticated knowledge of astronomy from this period. He concludes, on rather shaky grounds, the Greeks of the second millennium BCE laid the foundations of theoretical astronomy earlier than the Babylonians.]
Clerke, Agnes. (1892). "Homeric Astronomy." In: Clerke, Agnes. Familiar Studies in Homer. (Pages 30-57). [Note: Chapter II of her book of essays. The most detailed biography of Agnes Clerke to date is the article "Agnes Mary Clerke, Chronicler of Astronomy" by Mary Brück (The Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 35, 1994, Pages 59-79).]
Condos, Theony. (1997). Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook. [Note: An English-language translation of the "Catasterismi" of the Pseudo-Eratosthenes and the "De Astronomia" attributed to Hyginus. Based on her doctorate thesis and needs to be used with some caution. See the (English-language) book reviews by Roger Ceragioli in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 30, Part 3, 1999, Pages 313-315; by Ken Dowden in The Classical Review, New Series, Volume 49, Number 2, 1999, Pages 587-588; and by John McMahon in Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture, Volume XVI, 2001, Pages 98-99.]
Cumont, Franz. (1919). "Zodiacus." In: Daremberg, Charles., Saglio, Edmond. and Pottier, Edmond. (Editors). (1877-1919). Dictionnaire des antiquités greques et romaines d'après les textes et les monuments. (5 Volumes). [Note: The article is in Volume 5, Pages 1046-1062. See the (English-language) obituary by Arthur Nock in "Necrology" section, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume LI [51], 1947, Pages 432-433. Life dates: 1868-1947.]
Delambre, Jean. (1817; Reprinted 1965). Histoire de l'Astronomie Ancienne. (2 Volumes). [Note: See Chapter 4, Aratus, (Volume 1, Pages 61-74), for Delambre's examination of Aratus' constellation description in Phainomena. Delambre discusses the issue of whether Aratus' description of the zodiacal constellations (with the positions they occupied in relation to the celestial equator) agrees best with Aratus' own time or centuries earlier, and found it was not possible to come to any definite conclusion. See the (English-language) biographical entry for Jean Delambre in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, by I[?]. Cohen, Volume IV, 1971, Pages 14-18. Life dates: 1749-1822.]
Dicks, David. (1970; Reprinted 1985). Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. [Note: The author was a Classicist (who retired in 1988 as Senior Lecturer in Greek at Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (London University)). A discussion of Babylonian constellations is also included. An excellent book. See the (English-language book reviews by Victor Thoren in Isis, Volume 61, 1970, Pages 541-542; by C[?]. Gillmor in The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 391, March, 1971, Pages 175-176; by John Morrison in The Classical Review, New Series, Volume XXI, 1971, Pages 224-229; by Tom Jones in The American Historical Review, Volume 76, 1971, Number 4/5, Pages 1136-1137; by Wilbur Applebaum in The Historian, Volume XXXIII, Number 3, May 1971, Page 460; by Gerald Toomer in Gnomon, Band 44, 1972, Pages 127-131; and by Abraham Wasserstein in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 3, 1972, Pages 212-216.]
Erren, Manfred. (1967). Die Phainomena des Aratos von Soloi. [Note: A detailed study by a classical philologist. The author argues that the Aratean constellations can be dated to Babylonia circa 2000 BCE. Regardless of some of its radical conclusions it is considered to be the standard study in the German-language. See the (French-language) book review by Jacques Schwartz in L'Antiquité Classique, Tome XXXVII, 1968, Pages 685-686; and the critical (German/English-language) book review by Walther Ludwig and David Pingree in Gnomon, Band 43, 1971, Pages 346-354.]
Erren, Manfred. (1971). Aratos: Phainomena. Sternbilder und Wetterzeichen. [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Mary Natunewicz in Classical Review, Volume 66, 1973, Pages 471-472.]
F[?]. M[?]. (2002). "Aratus [From Soli in Cilicia]." In: Cancik, Hubert. et. al. (Editors). Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity Volume 1, Columns 955-960). [Note: The English-language edition has drawn some key criticisms.]
Faucounau, Jean. (2001). Les Proto-Ioniens: Histoire d'un peuple oublié. [Note: In Chapter 3 (Pages 39-57) of this book the author, a mathematician, uses linguistic arguments to try to demonstrate that the names of the Greek constellations are Proto-Ionic and that the inventors of the constellations were a sea people inhabiting the Cycladic Islands circa 2,500 BCE (± 400 years). (In 1994 Archie Roy and Jean Faucounau co-authored a paper in Kadath (numéro 83, Pages 26-38) in which they discussed their belief in a constellation set dating to 2,500 BCE. Jean Faucounau is very much influenced by the (unreliable) writings of Edward Maunder, Andrew Crommelin, and Michael Ovenden on the constellations.) Jean Faucounau is French-born but now lives in retirement in Luxembourg. (He is now (2007) over 80 years old.) He is an amateur linguist and an amateur historian who claims he has successfully deciphered the Phaistos Disk. He is a member of the Linguistic Society of Paris.]
Gain, David. (Editor and translator). (1976). The Aratus ascribed to Germanicus Caesar. [Note: The author is a classical scholar and the book is his doctoral thesis. See the (French-language) book reviews by André Le Boeuffle in Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome XXXVII, 1978, Pages 200-201; and in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 54, 1976, Pages 415-416); and the (German-language) book review by Gregor Maurach in Gnomon, 50 Band, März 1978, Heft 1, Pages 351-355.]
Ginzel, Friedrich. (1901). Die astronomischen Kenntnisse der Babylonier und ihre kulturhistorische Bedeutung. Parts I, II, & III. (Klio Beiträge zur alten Geschichte, Volume I, 1901, Pages 1-25, 189-211, 349-380). [Note: Republished as a pamphlet in 1908.]
Grasshoff, Gerd. (1990). The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue. [Note: An excellent study.]
Gundel, Wilhelm. (1936). Neue Astrologische Text des Hermes Trismegistos: Funde und Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der antiken Astronomie und Astrologie. [Note: A study of Hipparchan stars in an early (composite) astrological text (at that time the neglected and almost unknown MS., Harleianus 3731 in the British Museum). (Also contained in the manuscript, and discussed, are a list of decans.) See the (English-language) book reviews by H. J. R. in The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume LVI, 1936, Page 262; by Arthur Nock in Gnomon, Band 15, Heft 7, Juli, 1939, Pages 359-368; and the (French-language) book review by J. B. [Joseph Bidez] in L'Antiquité Classique, Tome XII, 1943, Pages 162-164. See the (English-language) obituary by Margarete Bieber in "Necrology" section, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume LI [51], Number 4, October-December, 1947, Page 433. See also the (German-language) biographical entry in Neue Deutsche Biographie, Siebenter Band, Pages312-313. Life dates: 1880-1945.]
Heath, Thomas. (1932). Greek Astronomy. [Note: Contains an English translation of sections of Commentary on the Phainomena of Aratus and Eudoxus by Hipparchus of Rhodes (Pages 116-121). See the (English-language) book review by David Hughes in The Observatory, Volume 112, Number 1108, June, 1992, Pages 132-133. See also the biographical sketch "Sir Thomas Little Heath" by David Smith in Osiris, Volume II, 1936, Pages Pages IV-XXVII.]
Hübner, Wolfgang. (1982). Die Eigenschaften der Tierkreis Zeichen in der Antike und Ihre Darstellung und Verwendung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Manilius.
Hübner, Wolfgang. (1984). Manilius als Astrologe und Dichter. In: Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Part II 32.1, Pages 126-320. [Note: Contains a discussion of the classical constellations. The author is a Philologist and a Professor at the Institut für Klassische Philologe in Munich.]
Hunger, Herman. and Hübner, Wolfgang. (2004). "Constellations." In: Cancik, Hubert. and Sneider, Helmuth. (Editors). Brill's New Pauly. (Antiquity Volume 4, Columns 1187-1194). [Note: An excellent and informed entry on both Babylonian and Greek constellations.]
Kidd, Douglas. (1997). Aratus Phaenomena. [Note: Considered the best English-language study to date. See the (English-language) book reviews by A[?] Lewis in Phoenix, Volume 53, 1999, Pages 371-374; S[?]. Olson in The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume 119, 1999, Pages 187-188; Gregor Weber in The Classical Review, New Series, Volume XLIX, Number 1, 1999, Pages 11-13; and Alexander Sens in The Classical Journal, Volume 96, Number 1, October-November, 2000, Pages 93-96. See also the (Greek-language) book review by Charilaos Avgerinos in Hellenika, Volume 49, 1999, Pages 174-184; and the (French-language) book review by Germaine Aujac in Latomus, Tome 59, 2000, Pages 706-707. For a biography of Aratus of Soli see "Dictionary of Scientific Biography," edited by Charles Gillispie, (1970-1990), Volume I, Pages 204-205; and "The Oxford Classical Dictionary," (Third edition). edited by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth (1996), Pages 136-137. (Also, for a biography of Eudoxus of Cnidus, whose earlier astronomical work Aratus' Phainomena is based upon, see "Dictionary of Scientific Biography," edited by Charles Gillespie, (1970-1990), Volume IV, Pages 465-467.)]
Lasserre, François. (1966) (Editor). Die Fragmente des Eudoxos von Knido. [Note: See pages 38-67 for references to Eudoxus' descriptions of the constellations in his now lost books Phaenomena and Enoptron. See the (French-language) book review by Jean Itard in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, 1967, Pages 307-310.]
Lehoux, Daryn. (2007). Astronomy, Weather and Calendars in the Ancient World: Parapegmata and Related Texts in Classical and Near-Eastern Societies. [Note: An excellent. study of parapegmata. A revision and expansion of his doctoral thesis. The book includes a catalogue of extant parapegmata, and also contains extant parapemata texts. The author is currently (2008) Senior Lecturer in Roman History, Classics and Ancient History at the University of Manchester.]
Le Boeuffle, André (1975). Germanicus les Phénomènes d'Aratos. [Note: See the (French-language) book review by Raoul Verdière in Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome XXXVI, 1977, Pages 558-559).
Manitius, Carolus [Karl]. (1894). (Editor). Hipparchi In Arati et Eudoxi Phaenomena commentariorum libri tres. [Note: The most accessible edition of "Commentary on the Phainomena of Aratus and Eudoxus" by Hipparchus of Rhodes. See the (English-language) book review by Edmund Webb in The Classical Review, Volume XII, Number 3, April, 1898, Pages 170-172).]
Manitius, Karl. (1912-1913). (Editor). Des Claudius Ptolemäus Handbuch der astronomie. (2 Volumes).
Martin, Jean. (1998). Phénomènes. (2 Volumes). [Note: Excellent. Builds on the authors previously published studies. See the (English-language) book reviews by Mary Pendergraft in Isis, Volume 91, Number 1, March 2000, Page 147; and by Mirjam Plantinga in Classical Review, Volume 51, Number 1, 2001, Pages 23-25.]
Mazarguil, J[?]. and Brunet, J-P. (1976). Commentaire d'Hipparque aux Phénomenes d'Eudoxe et d'Aratos. [Note: Unpublished Master's Degree dissertation, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail.]
Neugebauer, Otto. (1975, 3 Parts). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. [Note: Contains some discussion of constellations.]
Pauly's Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. (1894). [Note: Begun by August Pauly (1796-1845) in 1839, and continued by Georg Wissowa in 1894, it was finally completed a century-and-a-half later in 1980. In its completed form it reached 83 volumes (including the supplement volumes (of new and revised entries), addenda and corrigenda) plus a 2-volume index by Hans Gartner. (Additionally, an index volume, by John Murphy, had been previously issued for the supplement volumes.) A new revised edition edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, and known as Der Neue Pauly, began publication in 1996. For a complete listing of star name/constellation entries in this Encyclopedia see page 78 in "Aratos: Sternbilder und Wetterzeichen," by Albert Schott and Robert Böker (1958); and also see "B. Secondary Sources," pages 271-277, in "Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook," by Theony Condos (1977).]
Pedersen, Olaf. (1974). A Survey of the Almagest. [Note: See the (English-language) book reviews by Victor Thoren in Isis, Volume 68, Number 1, March 1977, Pages 139-141; and by Gerald Toomer in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume 27, 1977, Pages 137-150.]
Pfeiffer, Erwin. (1916). Studien zum Antiken Sternglauben. [Note: Does not include a lot of information on constellations and star names.]
Rehm, Albert. (1941; Reprinted circa 1966). Parapegmastudien: Mit einen Anhang Euktemon und das Buch De signis. [Note: Based on his earlier book "Das Parapegma des Euctemon," (1913). Life dates: 1871-1949. See the (German-language) obituary by Heinz Haffter in Gnomon, Band 22, Heft 5/6, 1950, Pages 315-318. Life dates: 1871-1949.]
Savage-Smith, Emelie. and Katzenstein, Ranee. (1988). The Leiden Aratea: Ancient Constellations in a Medieval Manuscript. [Note: 36-page illustrated brochure issued by the J. Paul Getty Museum. The Aratea is a 9th-century CE copy of an astrological and meteorological treatise based on the Phaenomena by Aratus. The Leiden Aratea (a 99-page profusely illustrated parchment now held in the University Library at Leiden) is a Carolingian Latin copy of the Greek that was translated by Claudicus Germanicus. The authors of the brochure discuss the poem, the astronomical and meteorological illuminations, and the astrological miniatures.]
Schott, Albert. and Böker, Robert (1958). Aratos: Sternbilder und Wetterzeichen. [Note: Robert Böker argues that the Aratean constellations can be dated to Babylonia circa 2000 BCE. See the supportive (German-language) book review by Manfred Erren in Gnomon, Volume 31, 1959, Pages 728-732; and the critical (German-language/English-language) book review by Walther Ludwig and David Pingree in Gnomon, Volume 43, 1971, Pages 346-354. Albert Schott was an assyriologist. Life dates: 1901-1945. Robert Böker was an engineer, physicist and historian of astronomy. For a biography of Robert Böker see the pamphlet: Der Präzessionsglobus und die wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten von Robert Böker by Felix Schmeidler (1978). Life dates: 1885-1980.]
Soubiran, Jean. (1981). Aviénus, Les Phénomènes d'Aratos. [Note: Good for the several hundred pages of notes. See the (German-language) book review by Manfred Erren in Gnomon, Volume 56, 1984, Pages 99-103.]
Stevenson, Edward. (1921). Terrestrial and Celestial Globes: Their History and Construction. (2 Volumes). [Note: See Volume 1 for a discussion of early Greek celestial globes.]
Thiele, Georg. (1898). Antike Himmelsbilder: Mit Forshungen zu Hipparchos, Aratos und seinen Fortsetzern und Beträgen zur Kungstgeschichte des Sternhimmels. [Note: Georg Thiele (1866-1917) was a German Professor of Classical Philology. See the (English-language) book review by Edmund Webb in The Classical Review, Volume XIII, Number 1, February, 1899, Pages 73-76.]
Toomer, Gerald. (1984; Reprinted 1998). Ptolemy's Almagest. [Note: Likely to remain the standard English-language study. See the (English-language) book review by Peter Pesic in Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture, Volume XVI, 2001, Pages 102-103.]
van der Waerden, Bartel. (1988). Die Astronomie der Griechen. [Note: See the (German-language) book review by Wolfgang Hübner in Gnomon, Band 61, 1989, Pages 494-500.]
Webb. Edmund. (1952). The Names of the Stars. [Note: Still important for debunking many constellation myths such as Taurus being the leading constellation of the zodiac and marking the vernal equinox circa 3000 BCE. Argues a case for the Greeks inventing most of their constellations, and not largely borrowing their constellations from Babylonian uranography. See the (English-language) book review Benjamin Farrington in The Classical Review, New Series Volume V, Number 1, March, 1955, Pages 88-89; and the (French-language) book reviews by Joseph Mogenet in L'Antiquité Classique, Tome XXII, 1953, Pages 529-530; and by J[?]. Beaujeu in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 33, 1955, Pages 500-501. The book also contains a memoir by his brother Clement Webb (Pages xiii-xv).]
Werner, Helmut. (1953; Revised and Enlarged Edition 1957). From the Aratus Globe to the Zeiss Planetarium. [Note: Contains a brief discussion of ancient Greek celestial globes.]
Zhitomirsky, Sergey. (2003). "The Phaenomena of Aratus, orphism, and ancient astronomy." In: Blomberg, Mary., Blomberg, Peter., and Henriksson, Göran. (Editors). Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture. (Pages 79-82). [Note: Proceedings of the 9th annual meeting of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC), Stockholm, 27-30 August 2001. The article is speculative and unreliable.]
Articles/Entries
Aujac, Germaine. (1976). "Le ciel des fixes et ses représentations en Grèce ancienne." (Revue d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume XXIX, Pages 290-307).
Aujac, Germaine. (1980). "Le zodiaque dans l'astronomie grecque." (Revue d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume XXXIII, Pages 3-32).
Böker, Robert. (1953). "Zur Systematik der griechischen Sternbildsetzung." (Die Sterne, Band 29, Pages 217-222).
Boll, Franz. and Gundel, Wilhelm. (1937). "Sternbilder, Sternglaube und Sternsymbolik bei Griechen und Römern." In: Roscher, Wilhelm. (Editor). Aüsführliches Lexicon der Griechischen und Römischen Mythologie. (Volume VI, Columns 867-1071). [Note: A book-length article that remains a standard study of Greek and Roman constellations and star names. Both the authors were classical philologists who specialized in ancient astronomy.]
Le Boeuffle, André. (1973). "Notes critiques aux Aratea de Germanicus." (Revue de Philologie, Année et Tome XLVII, Troisième Série, Pages 61-67).
Brown, Edwin. (1981). "The Origin of the Constellation Name "Cynosura."" (Orientalia, Volume 50 New Series, Pages 384-402).
Clerke, Agnes. (1887). "Homeric Astronomy I." (Nature, Volume XV, April 21, Pages 585-588).
Clerke, Agnes. (1887). "Homeric Astronomy II." (Nature, Volume XV, April 28, Pages 607-608).
Cooley, Jeff. (2005). "Teaching Stars in Mesopotamia and the Hellenistic Worlds: The Padagogies of Aratus, Enuma Elish and MUL.APIN." (Humanitas, Volume 28, Issue 3, Spring, Pages 9-15).
Duke, Dennis. (2006). "Analysis of the Farnese Globe." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Part 1, February, Number 126, Pages 87-100). [Note: A critique of Bradley Schaefer's paper that Hipparchus' star catalogue is the basis for constellation depiction on the Farnese globe.]
Gow, Andrew. (1914). "Hesiod's Wagon." (Journal of Philology, Volume 33, Pages 145-153). [Note: The author was a Classicist. Life dates: 1886-1979.]
Hardie, Philip. (1985). Imago Mundi: Cosmological and Ideological Aspects of the Shield of Archilles." (Journal of Hellenic Studies, Volume CV, Pages 11-31).
Haliburton, Robert. (1893). "Orientation of Temples by the Pleiades." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1250, October 12, Pages 566-567). [Note: Robert Haliburton was a leading Canadian lawyer and spent 5 years in England from 1871-1876. His "New Materials for the History of Man. Number 1. The Festival of the Dead." (1863; Reprinted 1920) comprised a study of Pleiades lore world-wide. Life dates: 1831-1901.]
Housman, Alfred. (1900). "The Aratea of Germanicus." (The Classical Review, Volume XIV, Pages 26-39). [Note: The author was an outstanding Classicist. Life dates: 1859-1936.]
Kaibel. Georg. (1894). "Aratea" (Hermes, Neunundzwanzigster Band, Pages 82-123).
Kaurov, Edward. (1998). "The Draco Constellation: The Ancient Chinese Astronomical Practice of Observations." (Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Volume 15, Pages 325-341). [Note: From his particular analysis the author argues that the origin this particular constellation, included within the celestial sphere of the Greeks, dates back to ancient China circa 110,000 years ago. Finding extremely early (and improbable) dates for the origin of constellations is typical of the Russian school of constellation researchers.]
Krupp, Ed. (1991). "Seven Sisters." (Griffith Observer, Volume 55, Number 1, Pages 2-16).
Krupp, Ed. (1996). "Queen of Heaven." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 92, Number 2, August, Pages 60-61).
Krupp, Ed. (1997). "Horsefeathers on High." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 93, Number 1, January, Pages 70-71).
Krupp, Ed. (1997). "Throwing the Bull." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 93, Number 4, April, Pages 68-69).
Krupp, Ed. (1997). "A Dipper for all Seasons." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 93, Number 6, June, Pages 68-69).
Krupp, Ed. (1998). "Barking in the Dark." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 95, Number 4, April, Pages 80-81).
Krupp, Ed. (1998). "Hair-Raising Tale." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 95, Number 5, May, Pages 80-81).
Krupp, Ed. (1998). "Celestial Kings." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 96, Number 5, November, Pages 92-94).
Krupp, Ed. (1998). "Starry Fish in the Firmament." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 96, Number 6, December, Pages 101-103).
Krupp, Ed. (1999). "The Stellar Ties That Bind ..." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 97, Number 1, January, Pages 101-103).
Krupp, Ed. (1999). "The Guiding Light." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 97, Number 3, March, Pages 87-89). [Note: Deals with the star Canopus.]
Krupp, Ed. (1999). "Bear Country." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 97, Number 5, May, Pages 94-96).
Krupp, Ed. (2000). "Theft of Light." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 99, Number 3, March, Pages 94-96).
Krupp, Ed. (2000). "Astronomical Instrument." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 100, Number 3, September, Pages 93-95).
Krupp, Ed. (2000). "Flood Control." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 100, Number 4, October, Pages 101-103).
Krupp, Ed. (2001). "Horse Sense." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 102, Number 1, July, Pages 86-88).
Krupp, Ed. (2001). "Europing the Bull." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 102, Number 3, September, Pages 77-79).
Krupp, Ed. (2002). "Hunting the Hare." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 103, Number 2, February, Pages 76-78).
Liritzis, Ioannis. (1998). "Bronze Age Greek Pyramids and Orion's Belt." (Griffith Observer, October).
Lockyer, Joseph. (1893). "The influence of Egypt upon temple-orientation in Greece." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1244, August 31, Pages 417-419).
Lorimer, Hilda. (1951). "Stars and Constellations in Homer and Hesiod." (The Annual of the British School at Athens, Number XLVI, Pages 86-101).
Lovi, George. (1986). "Aratus the Constellation Bard." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 72, Number 4, October, Pages 375-376). [Note: Contains an unreliable discussion of the antiquity of the constellations.]
MacFarlane, Roger. and Mills, Paul. (2005). "Bright and conspicuous stars in Ptolemy and Hipparchus: On the mistranslation of e?fa???." (Centaurus, Volume 47, Number 2, Pages 178-180).
MacGillivray, Joseph. (2000). "Labyrinths and Bull-leapers." (Archaeology, Volume 53, Number 6, November/December, Pages 53-55). [Note: The author, who is co-director of the British School at Athens, identifies the Minoan bull-leaping paintings as depictions of constellations, and not ritual events as popularly believed.]
Maurach, G[?]. (1977). "Aratus and Germanicus on Altar and Centaur." Acta Classica, Volume XX, Pages 121-139).
Mozel, Philip. (2003). "Nocturnal Musings Concerning a Winged Horse." (The Journal of the Royal Society of Canada, Volume 97, April, Pages 61-?). [Note: An interesting, though speculative, inquiry into the history of the constellation Pegasus. The author is a past National Librarian of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and was the Producer/Educator at the McLaughlin Planetarium. He is currently an educator at the Ontario Science Centre.]
Pàmias i Massana, Jordi. (1998). "Sobre el fragment dels Catasterismes d'Eratòstenes de manuscrit Parisinus Graecus 1310: el nom dels planetes Saturn i Júpiter." (Faventia, Volume 20, Number 2, Pages 71-77). [Note: The author is a Spanish academic.]
Panchenko, Dmitri. (1999). "Who found the Zodiac?" (Antike Naturwissenschraft und ihre Rezeption, Band IX, Pages 33-44). [Note: The author, a Russian scholar (History of Philosophy) at St Petersburg State University, holds that the notion of the zodiac was probably a Greek invention introduced by Oenopides of Chios. The appearance of the notion of the zodiac is held to be connected with the cosmological debates of the Presocratics. The Greek invention of the zodiac was then subsequently adopted by the Babylonians. The publication comprises conference papers delivered on 13 June, 1998, in Trier. The abbreviation for the journal is AKAN.]
Pendergraft, Mary. (1990). "On the Nature of the Constellations: Aratus, Ph. 367-85." (Eranos, Volume 88, Fascicle 2, Pages 99-106).
Penrose, Francis. (1892). "A preliminary statement of an investigation of the dates of some of the Greek temples as derived from their orientation." (Nature, Volume 45, Number 1165, February 25, Pages 395-397). [Note: Francis Penrose was a noted Architect and at one time Director of the British School at Athens. His publications on the orientation of Greek temples still have value.]
Penrose, Francis. (1893). "The orientation of Greek temples." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1228, May 11, Pages 42-43).
Penrose, Francis. (1901). "The orientation of Greek temples." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1228, March 21, Pages 492-493).
Phillips, J[?]. (1980). "The constellations on Archilles' shield (Iliad 18. 485-489)." (Liverpool Classical Monthly, Volume 5, Number 8, October, Pages 179-180).
Schaefer, Bradley. (2002). "The Latitude and Epoch for the formation of the Southern Greek Constellations." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 33, Number 4, Pages 313-350). [Note: A critical quantitative analysis of the "void zone" arguments for the origins of the Greek constellations in the third Millennium BCE. Establishes that the southern Greek constellations originated in the first millennium BCE.]
Schaefer, Bradley. (2004). "The Latitude and Epoch for the Origin of the Astronomical Lore of Eudoxus." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 35, Number 2, Pages 161-223). [Note: A critical quantitative analysis of the date for the origin of the astronomical lore of Eudoxus. Establishes that the lore was of Babylonian origin circa 1130 BCE.]
Schaefer, Brad[ley]. (2006). "The Origin of the Greek Constellations." (Scientific American, Volume 295, Number 5, November, Pages 70-75). [Note: Reliable account of the origin of the Greek constellations consolidated in Ptolemy's star catalogue and included in his book Almagest. Slightly dogmatic regarding the existence of a Paleolithic bear constellation.]
Wagman, Morton. (1992). "Hercules, the Champion." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 23, Pages 134-136). [Note: An investigation into the Near Eastern origin of the Greek constellation "the Kneeler" and its identification with Hercules.]
Wilk, Stephen. (1996). "Mythological Evidence for Ancient Observations of Variable Stars." (Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, Volume 24, Number 2, Pages 129-133).
Wilk, Stephen. (1999). "Further Mythological Evidence for Ancient Knowledge of Variable Stars." (Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, Volume 27, Number 2, Pages 171-174).
Williams, Jean. (1987). "Greeks Bearing Myths: The Phaenomena of Aratus." (Griffith Observer, June).
Books/Pamphlets:
Gee, Emma. (2000). Ovid, Aratus and Augustus.
Le Boeuffle, André. (1973). Le vocabulaire latin de l'Astronomie. (3 Volumes). [Note: The volumes comprise the authors 1970 doctorate thesis on Classical Roman constellations and star names. The study is both comprehensive and reliable (and is undoubtedly the standard work on the subject). It also traces back the Latin names to the Greek and Babylonian predecessors. The thesis was published by the Universite de Lille III.]
Le Boeuffle, André. (1977). Les noms latins d'astres et de constellations. [Note: An abridged version of the authors 1970 doctorate thesis "Le vocabulaire latin de l'Astronomie." It includes a detailed discussion of the Sphaera Barbarica. See the (English-language) book review by Paul Kunitzsch in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume 27, 1977, [should, I think be volume 28, 1978], Pages 334-335; and the (French-language) book reviews by Michel Rambaud in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 58, 1980, Pages 461-463; and by Pierre Hamblenne in Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome XL, 1981, Pages 426-427.]
Le Boeuffle, André. (1987). Astronomie Astrologie Lexique Latin. [Note: Partly replaces the outdated "Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning," by Richard Allen. See the (French-language) book review by Josèphe Abry in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 65, 1987, Pages 293-296; and the (German-language) book review by Wolfgang Hübner in Gnomon, Volume 60, Heft 5, 1988, Pages 509-516.]
Le Boeuffle, André. (1989). Le ciel des Romains. [Note: See the (English-language) book reviews by Joshua Lipton in Isis, Volume 82, Number 1, March, 1991, Pages 112-113; Tamsyn Barton in The Journal of Roman Studies, Volume 82, 1992, Page 238; and the (German-language) book review by Wolfgang Hübner in Gnomon, Band 63, Heft 1, 1991, Pages 305-309.]
Goold, George. (Editor and translator). (1977; Revised reprint 1992). Manilius Astronomica. [Note: An excellent translation and commentary. Contains a discussion of Manilius's constellations. Star charts of the skies of Marcus Manilius follow page 386. See the (German-language) book review by Wolfgang Hübner in Gnomon, Band 52, 1980, Pages 11-15; and the (French-language) book review by André Le Boeuffle in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 65, 1987, Pages 308-309. For a biography of Marcus Manilius see "Dictionary of Scientific Biography," edited by Charles Gillispie, (1970-1990), Volume IX, Pages 79-80. (The "Concise Dictionary of Scientific Biography," (1982), based on the multi-volume edition, has numerous errors.)]
Hübner, Wolfgang. (1982). Die Eigenschaften der Tierkreiszeichen in der Antike. [Note: See the (French-language) book review by André Le Boeuffle in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 60, 1982, Pages 426-427; and the (English-language) book reviews by Charles Burnett in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 15, 1984, Pages 48-50; and by Alexander Jones in Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, Volume 35, 1985, Pages 482-483.]
Kornemann, Mathhias. (1998). Vom Astralmythos zum Roman.
Künzl, Ernst. (2005). Himmelsgloben und Sternkarten: Astronomie und Astrologie in Vorzeit und Altertum. [Note: The title in English is "Celestial globes and star charts." The author has made a detailed study of all the surviving Graeco-Roman celestial globes from classical antiquity. Until his retirement in 2004 he was the Director of the Roman Department of the Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum in Mainz. Includes a detailed study of the Mainz celestial globe, a 2nd-century CE Roman miniature celestial globe. The author has also published multiple journal articles on the topic of celestial globes from Graeco-Roman antiquity. See the (English-language) book review by James Evans in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Number 2, May, 2006, Number 127, Pages 239-240.]
Soubiran, Jean. (Editor and translator). (1981). Avenius. Les phénomènes d'Aratos. [Note: See the (French-language) book reviews by Richard Adam in Revue des Études Latines, Volume 59, 1981, Pages 349-350; and by Raoul Verdière in Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome XLIII, 1984, Page 482.]
Articles/Entries:
Bakhouche, Béatrice. (1998). "Le corps humain et les astres dans la littérature latine impériale." (Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome 57, Pages 362-374).
Beehler, Carolyn. (1980). "The Priscilla Catacomb Painting: A Hidden Star Map Revealed." (Archaeoastronomy, Volume 3, Number 3, July-August-September, Pages 14-16). [Note: The Catacombs of Priscilla is located on the Via Salaria north of the city of Rome in what was a quarry in Roman times. The art work dates to circa 200-300 CE. The author believes a ceiling painting there could be a star map (and include the "Christmas Star"). Dorrit Hoffleit at Yale University Observatory also considered this idea in 1984.]
Le Boeuffle, André. (1961). "Quelques Observations Sur Virgile, Géorgiques, IV, 234 sq." (Revue des Études Latines, Volume 39, Pages 100-105).
Le Boeuffle, André. (1962). "Vénus, << Étoile Du Soir >>, Et Les Écrivains Latins." (Revue des Études Latines, Volume 40, Pages 120-125).
Le Boeuffle, André. (1964). "Quelques Erreurs Ou Difficultés Astronomiques Chez Columelle." (Revue des Études Latines, Volume 42, Pages 324-333).
Le Boeuffle, André. (1965). "Recherches Sur Hygin." (Revue des Études Latines, Volume 43, Pages 275-294).
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. (1993). "Le zodiaque l'Énéide." (Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome 52, Pages 318-349).
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. (2001). "La géographie zodiacale de Manilius (Astr. 4, 744-817), avec une note sur l'Énéide virgilienne." (Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome 60, Pages 35-66).
Dellinges, William [Bill]. (2006). "The Strange Case of Libra." (The Voyager, Volume 20, Issue 11, November, Pages 1-2). [Note: An informed short article, but not wholly reliable, on the history of the constellation Libra and its (re)introduction by the Romans circa 1st-century CE.]
Hoffleit, Dorrit. (1984). "The Christmas Star, Novae, and Pulsars." (The Journal of the American Association of Variable tar Observers, Volume 13, Number 1, June, Pages 15-20). [Note: An attempt to identify the "Christmas Star" in a ceiling painting in the Catacombs of Priscilla near Rome. Dorrit Hoffleit (1907-2007) was an eminent astronomer who worked at Yale University Observatory. She was a world-renowned expert on variable stars and the history of astronomy.]
Fox, Matthew. (2004). "Stars in the Fasti: Ideler (1825) and Ovid's Astronomy Revisited." (American Journal of Philology, Volume 125, Number 1 (Whole Number 497), Spring, Pages 91-133). [Note: A review of Christian Ideler's understanding of Ovid's Fasti using astronomy software.]
Gee, Emma. (2001). "Cicero's Astronomy." (Classical Quarterly, New Series, Volume 51, Number 2, Pages 520-536). [Note: An assessment of Cicero's Aratea - a Latin adaptation of Aratus's Phaenomena.]
Gundel, Wilhelm. (1925). "Textkritische und exegetische Bemerkungen zu Manilius." (Philologus, Band LXXXI, Heft 2, (N. F. Band XXXV, Heft 2), Pages 168-191).
Hannah, Robert. (1986). "The Emperor's Stars: The Conservatori Portrait of Commodus." (American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 90, Pages 337-342). [Note: A calendrical interpretation of the three zodiacal signs carved on the globe at the base of the Conservatori portrait of Commodus.]
Hannah, Robert. (1993). "The Stars of Iopas and Palinurus." (American Journal of Philology, Volume 114, Number 1, Spring, Pages 123-135).
Künzl, Ernst. (1996). "Sternenhimmel beider Hemisphären. Ein singulärer römischer Astralglobus der mittleren Kaiserzeit." (Antike Welt: Zeitschrift für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte, Band 27, Heft 2, Pages 129-134).
Künzl, Ernst. (1998). "Der Globus im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz: Der bisher einzige komplette Himmelsglobus aus dem griechisch-römischen Altertum." (Der Globusfreund, Number 45/46, 1997/1998). [Note: Issue number 45/46 covering the years 1997/1998 was published in February 1998. Articles are in both German and English. The German-language text article appears on pages 7-80; and the English-language text article "The globe in the "Römisch-ermanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz". The only complete celestial globe found to-date from classical Graeco-Roman antiquity." appears on pages 81-153.]
Künzl, Ernst. (1998). "Ein antiker Astralglobus aus dem römischen Kaiserreich: Der älteste vollständig erhaltene Himmelsglobus." (Sterne und Weltraum, Band 37, Pages 28-33).
Künzl, Ernst., Fecht, Maiken., and Greiff, Susanne. (2000 (2003)). "Ein römischer Himmelsglobus der mittleren Kaiserzeit. Studien zur römischen Astralikonographie." (Jahrbuch Römisch-Germanische Zentralmuseum Mainz, Number 47, Pages 495-594).
Reeve, Michael (1980). "Some Astronomical Manuscripts." (The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Volume XXXX, Number 2, Pages 508-522). [Note: Traces Roman and Medieval manuscripts of Aratea. The author was a Professor of Classics at Exeter College, Oxford.]
Ovadiah, Asher. and Mucznik, Sonia. (1996). "A Fragmentary Roman Zodiac and Horoscope from Caesarea Maritima." (Liber Annuus, Volume 46, Pages 375-380, Plates 31-32).
Valerio, Vladimiro. (1987). "Histographic and numerical notes on the Atlante Farnese and its celestial sphere." (Der Globusfreund, Number 35/37, 1987/1989, Pages 97-127). [Note: Issue number 35/37 covering the years 1987/1989 was published in 1987.]
Viré, Ghislaine. (1992). "Le texte du De astronomia d'Hygin: questions de méthode." (Latomus Revue D'Études Latines, Tome 51, Pages 843-856).
West, Stephanie. (1985). "Venus Observed? A Note on Callimachus, Fr. 110." (The Classical Quarterly, Volume 35, Pages 61-68).
Books/Pamphlets:
Gibbon, William. (1960). Popular Star Names among the Slavic Speaking Peoples. [Note: Unpublished doctoral dissertation (University of Pennsylvania). From at least 1964 he was with the University of Nebraska (Department of History?).]
Gladyszowa, Maria. (1960). Wiedza ludowa o gwiazdach. [Note: This Polish-language book is the most comprehensive study of Slavic star lore to appear. The title in English is: Folk knowledge about stars.]
Hannah, Robert. and Moss, Marina. (2003). "The archaeoastronomy of the Palaikastro kouras from Crete." In: Blomberg, Mary., Blomberg, Peter., and Henriksson, Göran. (Editors). Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture. (Pages 73-77). [Note: Proceedings of the 9th annual meeting of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC), Stockholm, 27-30 August 2001. The authors argue against a constellation interpretation.]
Hartner, Willy. (1969). Die Goldhörner von Gallehus. [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Arthur Beer in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 1, 1970, Pages 139-143.]
Hurt, Jakob [Jacob]. (1899). Eesti astronoomia. [Note: A book based on a talk delivered the previous year. I presently cannot find any mention of it in any library catalogue. The author was a cleric and folklorist, and was regarded as a polymath. Life dates: 1839-1907.]
Hurt, Jakob [Jacob]. (1900). Über estnische Himmelskunde, Vortrag. [Note: 89-page book published in St. Petersburg. The author is a key source for knowledge of Estonian sky lore.]
Jones, Prudence. (1991). Northern Myths of the Constellations. [Note: Illustrated 18-page card-back pamphlet. The author is a "New-Ager," astrologer, and pagan writer.]
Kuperjanov, Andres. (2003). Eesti tævas: Uskumus ja tõlgendusi. [Note: Title in English is: Estonian Sky: Beliefs and Interpretations. Publication by Eesti Folkloori Instituut of 2003 MA thesis for Estonian Agricultural University.]
North, John. (1996). Stonehenge: Neolithic Man and the Cosmos. [Note: Since 1977 the author has been Professor of the History of Philosophy and the Exact Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. The book contains considerable discussion on barrow and henge alignments with particular stars. The author also argues that Britain's chalk hill figures (such as the Uffington White Horse on the Berkshire Downs and the Cerne Giant in Dorset) were Neolithic in origin and connected with the heliacal risings of particular stars. See the (English-language) book review by Anthony Aveni in Nature, Volume 383, 3 October, 1996, Pages 403-404; the (English-language) essay book review by Clive Ruggles in Archaeoastronomy, Number 24, Pages S83-S88 (Supplement to the Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 30, 1999); and the (English-language) book review by Christopher Chippindale in Isis, Volume 93, Number 4, December, 2002, Pages 680-681.]
Reuter, Otto. (1934; Reprinted 1982). Germanische Himmelskunde: Untersuchung zur Geschichte des Geistes. [Note: Covers ancient Northern European astronomy including old Germanic constellations, festivals, Viking navigation, and Icelandic astronomy. Based on a research expedition during the mid-1920's. Still useful but should be used with caution. See the (German-language) book review by Robert Lehmann-Nitsche in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1935, Heft 4, Pages 199-200. For biographical details see Michael Behrend's 1982 English translation of Reuter's 1936 paper on ancient Nor