THE FAST WAY
TO STARVE
CANCER CELLS
Researchers
at the University of Sydney believe that limiting your food
intake to a six-hour period each day will help prevent and
treat
disease.
Busy lives, work and family commitments often mean we
don't get to sit down to regular main meals but have to eat when we
can,
at all hours of the day and night, often relying on unhealthy snacks
and fast food to keep the hunger pains at bay.
Also better farming methods, refrigeration, canning and preservatives
mean food is abundant and we can eat whenever we want.
But
could this age of convenience and abundance be killing us?
Two
Sydney researchers, building on information gathered over the
past 50 years, believe "grazing" throughtout the day and night may be
also a factor in other diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and
asthma.
They have shown in experiments with mice - and
preliminary experiments with people - that eating within only six hours
a day can boost the body's natural corticosteroid levels, which they
say can prevent cancer.
The head of the Department of
Infectious Diseases at the University of Sydney, Associate
Professor Ray Kearney, said: "What we would suggest here is that a
simple cost-free measure of restricted frequency of eating - and the
evidence is that it does elevate corticosteroids - can be a
health-promoting measure".
Corticosteroids are hormones of the
chemical class steroids, and we make them naturally with our adrenal
glands in response to day and night, darkness and light, and eating
habits.
The hormones have powerful anti-inflammatory effects,
and synthetic versions are used to treat diseases such as rheumatoid
arthritis, asthma, emphysema, some allergies, blood disorders
and
kidney disorders.
The association between chronic inflammation and development of cancer
has been recognised for many years.
The
International Agency for Research on Cancer
estimates that
15 to 20 per cent of human tumours may be related in some way to
chronic infection.
For instance, chronic infection with
hepatitis B or C is associated with a high risk of liver cancer, and
chronic infection with the human papilloma virus is believed to be
involved in cervical cancer.
In experiments, Professor Kearney
found that mice which had been placed on the restricted-eating regime
for six hours and fasted for the next 18 hours resisted a
powerful inflammatory agent called 'platelet activating factor' or PAF.
The mice not on the regime which were given PAF died quickly.
Taking
artificial corticosteroids quickly increases levels in the blood, but
prolonged use can suppress the immune system,
increase a
person's risk of infection, or even be fatal.
Professor
Kearney and a PHD student, Gavin Greenoak, who has done experiments
based on Professor Kearney's work, say boosting our natural
levels of corticosteroids is risk-free and highly desirable.
Professor
Kearney said: "Taking synthetic corticosteroids is out of the body's
natural balance. This is about optimising the body's natural
steroid levels, making the peaks higher and the troughs not as low.
"We would argue that in most people the levels are sub-optimal."
Gavin
Greenoak found that allowing mice to feed for only six hours a day,
compared with "grazing" whenever they liked over 24 hours, reduced
the incidence of skin cancer - a classic model for
understanding
mechanismsof cancer development - by 93 per cent.
The two groups
of mice were exposed to simulated natural sunlight for
certain
periods, known to give them cancer 100 per cent of the time.
Both
groups could eat as much as they wanted, and in fact
the ones
that could eat for only six hours a day managed to eat as much
as the ones that were allowed to eat all the time.
The mice
that could eat at will developed 259 tumours, compared with the mice
that could eat only within the restricted period, which developed 19
tumours.
Gavin Greenoak's experiment found, as did professor
Kearney's earlier ones, that the control-fed animals had an increase in
corticosteroid levels.
Not only do these hormones help protect
against cancer by reducing inflammation, they slso stop a process
needed for cancer to gain a foothold. They interfere with the
creation of blood vessles called angiogenesis.
Studies
show that all agents or conditions interfering with this process also
interefere with tumour growth, because tumours need to form blood
vessels to grow.
The process is also needed for parts of the tumour to break off and
form elsewhere (metastasis).
It
is needed for the development of other disease states, including
atherosclerotic plaque in heart arteries, arthritis, a number of eye
diseases and delayed wound healing.
So eating within only
six hours a day and fasting for the other 18 may not only increase your
resistance to cancer but also protect you against certain heart
diseases, damage caused by artthritis and other problems.
In
preliminary experiments with humans, which have yet to be published,
professor Kearney and GavinjGreenoak found "to our astonishment" that
eating within six hours a day caused "significant" rises in
corticosteroid levels.
The women responded better than the men,
which Professor kearney said mirrors nature where females are more
sensitive to changes in their environment for biological reasons
In
the experiments, the people - who were first-year medical students at
Sydney University - could eat whatever they liked within six hours, but
outside that they could only eat high-fibre, low calorie foods such as
bran or muesli, fruit an salads (but not high-fat fruit such as
avacadoes or nuts).
Drinks were not restricted, although they
were warned that alcohol was high-calorie, so several drinks
would affect corticosteroid levels.
Their corsticosteroid levels
were measured using a saliva test which was independently analysed by
Associate Professor Jack Bassett at Macquarie University.
Eating
whenever we want seems to be the norm these days, made possible by the
development of the refrigeration, cans and preservatives.
Fasting
has fallen into disregard in the eyes of orthodox practitioners for
healing and preventative purposes with the advent of modern
drug-oriented medicine.
People who fast or recommend it are
often seen as health-freaks or quacks. But periodic fasts
make
sense in terms of what we would have been adapted to "in the wild" -
primitive man would have had to contend with temporary or seasonal food
shortages. It's also known that animals fast when sick.
In
fact, fasting has been used throughout history for healing,
purification and rejuvination purposes. The benefits are well
documented by clinical experience in Europe, particularly in Sweden
and Germany and also the United States.
Most Eastern philosophers and super-yogis fast regularly to prolong
life and increase spiritual awareness
Eating
within certain hours also comes natuarally to some. Mediterranean
people eat the majority of their food within six hours, stopping work
for a siesta between about midday and 5 or 6 pm to eat their main meal
of the day and rest.
Greenoak said a farming community in Europe
read of his experimentsand wrote to tell him that they ate only two
main meals a day and enjoyed extraordinary good health. There
are
also times of forced fasting sauch as during wars.
Several
studies show cancer rates fell considerably during World War1, when
there were food shortages and general under-nutrition.
A study
looking at cancer deaths in Germany from 1905 to 1930 found
significantly fewer deaths from cancer from 1915 to 1920.
After
World War 1 the upward trend of increasing cancer deaths continued.
In the town of Graz in Austria, there was a 25-year low in
cancer
deaths in 1918 and the rate tended to remain low until 1924, when it
showed a definite upward trend.
The food shortage developed later and lasted longer in Graz
than other parts of Austria and in Germany.
-
Exercise may also be a factor in the mice and the humans - resisting
cancer.
-
Age may also be a factor.
In these experiments the animals were fairly young and responded
quickly to the change in eating patterns, and animals that had been on
an unrestricted diet for a long time took longer to respond.
The findings of Professor Keaney and Greenoak will be presented at the
World Cancer Congress on alternative cancer treatments and prevention
in Sydney from April 16-18, and at a congress on breast cancer in
Brugge, Belgium, on April 21-22, organised by the British
medical journal The Lancet.
Publication: Sydney Morning Herald
Publication Date: 12-4-94
Edition: Late
Page no:9
Section:News and Features
Sub section:Agenda
Length: 1967